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Chapter 36

Chapter 36. Section 1 Arthropoda. Characteristics. Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, spiders, & insects Arthropods- members of the Phylum Arthropoda Segmented animals with appendages - such as legs & antennae Arthropod means “jointed foot. Characteristics. Exoskeleton- protection & support

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Chapter 36

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  1. Chapter 36 Section 1 Arthropoda

  2. Characteristics • Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, spiders, & insects • Arthropods- members of the Phylum Arthropoda • Segmented animals with appendages- such as legs & antennae • Arthropod means “jointed foot

  3. Characteristics • Exoskeleton- protection & support • 3 layers of exoskeleton • Outer- waxy/protein- prevents water loss and drying out • Middle- protection layer made of protein & chitin- tough carbohydrate • Inner-flexible/muscles-movement

  4. Characteristics • Cephalization- brain/sensory structures located at anterior end • Appendages around mouth to aid with feeding • Antennae specialized for detecting chemicals

  5. Characteristics • Open circulatory system • Compound eyes- eyes made of many individual light detectors with lenses

  6. Molting • Molting- shedding of the exoskeleton to grow • Hormones trigger molting • Arthropods usually hide during this stage because they are vulnerable to predators

  7. Evolution & Classification • Trilobites- ancient & extinct arthropod • Tagma- specialized for feeding, locomotion, & reproduction • Two major mouthparts: mandibles- jaw-like chelicerae- pincer-like

  8. REVIEW!!! • Name three characteristics of arthropods. • Why do arthropods molt?

  9. Chapter 36 Section 2 Subphylum Crustacea

  10. Characteristics • Two-pairs of antennae • Mandibles • Pill bugs, lobster, crayfish • Nauplius- free-swimming larva stage

  11. Diversity of Crustaceans • Range of sizes, but most are small • Copepods- no larger than a comma ( , ) • Japanese spider crab- 13 feet

  12. Aquatic Crustaceans • Copepods- marine (plankton) • Water fleas (Daphnia)- freshwater • Barnacles- marine- sessile; attach to many different surfaces • Cirri- appendages that sweep food particles into barnacle’s mouth

  13. Terrestrial Crustaceans • Isopods- pill or potato bug • Lose water quickly through thin exoskeleton • Live in moist environments • Roll into a ball when threatened as a defense • Feed on decaying vegetation

  14. Crayfish • Freshwater crustacean • Similar to lobster • Well-studied because of abundance • Decapods- crayfish, lobster, crab, & shrimp (10-feet)

  15. External Structure • Body divided into abdomen & cephalothorax- consists of head & thorax- eight segments & lies behind head • Carapace- dorsal exoskeleton • Abdomen- six segments behind cephalothorax

  16. External Structure • Two pairs of antennae- touch & taste • Antennules- touch, taste, balance • Mandibles- chew food • Maxillae- manipulate food & draw water over gills • Maxillipeds- manipulate food

  17. External Structure • Cheliped- capture food & pincer defense • Swimmeret- creating water current & transferring sperm • Telson & uropods- paddle-like tail • Move in backward movement called “tail flip”

  18. Digestion • Esophagus  stomach  teeth-like structures in stomach grind food to fine paste  mixed with enzymes secreted by digestive gland  enters intestine for digestion & absorption  anus

  19. Respiration • Feather-like gills for respiration • As crayfish walk, circulate water over gills

  20. Circulation • Open-circulatory system • Circulatory fluid called hemolymph • Exchanges carbon dioxide with oxygen in water • Gills  dorsal part of crayfish  heart

  21. Excretion • Green glands- excess water, along with wastes is eliminated • Waste from green glands leaves through a pore at the base of the antennae

  22. Neural Control • Ganglia • Controls mandibles, maxillae, & maxillipeds • Ventral nerve cord runs from the ganglia into the thorax & abdomen

  23. Sensory Organs • Sense vibrations & chemicals by sensory hairs over entire body • Compound eye sense light

  24. REVIEW!!! • Name three appendages of the crayfish and the function of each appendage. • How do crayfish digest food? • How do crayfish sense their environment?

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