Foundations of Government and Economics

1. Foundations of Government and Economics • Why do we take AGES? • What do both have in common? • Video: The Tarnished Dreams • Government and economics deal with people and their decision making • To start the course…

2. On your blank piece of paper… • Divide your paper into four sections (fold!) • Use the prompt on the board to define/identify/draw given what you know now. Do not write on the back because we will use both sides!

4. Warm-Up # 1 - 9/4/14 • In your journal, please write down a definition of the term GOVERNMENT in your own words.

5. Introductory thoughts …. • http://congress.indiana.edu/e-learning-module-the-impact-congress

7. Make a List! 2 How about to your life? Relationship between economics & government?

8. Caricatures What are they? a drawing that makes someone look funny or foolish because some part of the person's appearance is exaggerated

9. CARICATURES Use of symbols or other items that represent an idea associated with the person or topic

10. How would you draw America as a caricature? • Man or woman? • Young or old? • Fit or fat? • Attractive or ugly? • What symbols would come associated with it? A truck? A tank? A hybrid? • On your paper, draw America as you envision it as a caricature. Must have color and at least two symbols/items/accessories. • No stick figures! 

11. YOUR CARICATURE MUST: • - Have color • - Be of America and how you view our country • - Include symbols/items/accessories • that represent how you view our • country • - Have a reasonable explanation • for how it looks PLANNING: How do I view America? Positively? Negatively? How can I represent this? What colors can I use to show my view? What are some major issues in America today? How can I represent these in my caricature?

12. Warm Up -#2a- 9/5/14The New York Times and CBS News Poll… • How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right: just about always, most of the time, or only some of the time?” • 5% (1 person in 20) responded “just about always” • 4% responded “most of the time” • 87% responded “only some of the time” • 4% responded never

13. Warm up # 2b– In Journal-

14. Economist and Politician Assumptions • When studying humans, people in politics and economics think about… • Self worth: individuals have worth and value their lives • Self interest: people pursue their own interests to improve their lives • Competition/Cooperation: When seeking self-interest in a community or society, people tend to do cooperate or compete depending on desired outcome • Equilibrium: Balance of competing forces

15. Individualism • What words do you associate with individualism? • Our definition: • ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual

16. Quote activity • Teacher will count you off by 6 • The first 5 minutes, you will on your own sort your quotes by what you agree with and what you do not  this is a quiet activity • Write “A”, “D” , or “I” next to each quote on your sheet • You may then have 10 minutes to share your opinions and ideas, then create a “master list” of agrees vs. disagrees

17. Quote breakdown: • Individualism: • “Remember always that you not only have the right to be an individual you have an obligation to be one” • “You have your way. I have my way. As for the right way, the correct way, and the only way, it does not exist” • Collectivism: • “We must stop thinking of the individual and start thinking of what is best for society” • “An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his individualistic concerns to the broader concerns of all humanity.” • Individual and Society • “Freedom morality, and the human dignity of the individual consists precisely in this; that he does good not because he is forced to do so, but because he freely conceives it, wants it, and loves it. • “All that is valuable in human society depends upon the opportunity for development accorded the individual” • “We are of course a nation of differences. Those differences don’t make us weak. They’re a source of our strength.”

18. Warm Up # 3- Current Event 9/8/14 • Take a minute to write about a current event you have recently learned about within the past week.

19. Purpose of Government We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. According to the Preamble, what are the 6 purposes of our government?

20. Purpose of Government • form a more perfect Union • establish Justice  the law must be reasonable, fair, and impartial • insure domestic Tranquility  order is essential to the well-being of society • provide for the common defense • promote the general Welfare • secure the Blessings of Liberty  guarantee civil rights and liberties

21. 3 Theorists • Three classical theorists believed in the need for government for different reasons • Each reason accepted the assumption that men are invested in their own self-interest • Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau

22. Activity • Walk around the room to the quotes and ideas. • Decide which idea is a belief about a form of government • Decide which idea is a belief about the natural state of man • Based on these ideas, decide which quote belongs to which theorist • Explain the quote in your own words and how it relates to each person’s beliefs about government and the natural state of man

23. Origins of American Government: A customized government • English Enlightenment Thinkers’ Contributions • Thomas Hobbes • Developed notion of social contract between rulers and their subjects • Believed people were too selfish to govern themselves • “All mankind [has] a perpetual and restless desire of power…that ceaseth only in death.”

24. Origins of American Government: A customized government • English Enlightenment Thinkers’ Contributions • John Locke • Ideas helped lay foundations for democratic government • Believed people formed governments to protect their rights and were innately good • “The end [purpose] of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.”

25. Origins of American Government: A customized government • French Enlightenment Thinkers’ Contributions • Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Believed people were naturally good but corrupted and enslaved by society • Believed government had a duty to secure freedom for their people and if they did not, they had no right to exist • “Force does not create right, obedience is due to only legitimate powers.”

26. With which theory do you agree more? Why? John Locke Thomas Hobbes

27. The “Original Dilemma” • All three theorists wrote about the need and purpose of government • Government needs to attain power from the people in order to perform any functions CLOSURE: • How much power is too much? How much liberty should be given up? …. • This represented a debated trade off… • Clash of order and freedom= Original Dilemma

28. Warm Up #5 Hobbes and Locke Draw a venn diagram like the one below and write in the similarities and differences of the two men as discussed.

29. Groups Block 2 Group 1 Joe B. Keeley Owen Michael Cathers Jeff Michelle Casey Group 2 Sheredan Cassidy Kim Allie Mike Driver Melissa Austin Group 3 Jason Shayne Mikala Dani Amanda Michael S. Nicoleta Group 4 Mike King Chris Conte Karly Ryan Katie DJ

30. Groups Block 4 Group 1 Alex B. Nina Jason Corey Trystan Brian Nick S. Group 2 Jake Shawn Katie Drew Wyatt Kat Ashlyn Group 3 Jenna Ceaton Jeff Liv Steve Garcia Tom Group 4 Suzette Julianne Alek Dan Scott Spenser Nick R.

31. Balloon Game • ObjectiveTo be the team with the most filled balloons taped into the square on the board. • Rules • No running • No touching classmates … that does not mean you can’t touch their balloons … • No removal of balloons once they are taped to the board • You will have less than 5 minutes to come up with a strategy in your group

32. You will have 10 minutes to get as many filled balloons on the square as possible. End

33. Balloon Game Debriefing • What type of behavior did you see during the game? • List some adjectives you would use to describe you and your classmates’ actions while playing the game. • Why do you think you needed more “rules” during this game? • How does this relate to this class? How does it relate to the theorists?

34. Political Theories

35. Social Contract • Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Locke • Means that people voluntarily give up power to a government to protect them and serve their interests • Free to remove that power at any time • Government can only create laws when it has the consent of the governed • Examples?

36. Natural Rights • Natural rights are “inalienable” and cannot be taken away by any one (government) • Government exists to secure our natural rights and is based on the consent of those who are governed • Idea of consent derived from social contract theory

37. Democracy • A system of government in which, in theory, the people rule, either directly or indirectly • Opposite of democracy is dictatorship, where leader has absolute power and authority • Examples?

38. Concepts of Government • Ordered government—need for order • Limited government—basic principle of government which states that government is restricted in what it may do, and each individual has rights that government cannot take away • Representative government—idea that government should serve the will of the people (democracy)

39. Warm up #6 – 9/11/14 Do you feel the Patriot Act ( law that allows government to “invade” your privacy if reason to believe you are involved in questionable behavior) is a violation of your natural rights or a necessary restriction of your natural rights? Why?

40. And after the Constitution? Federalism vs. Anti-Federalism • Federalists believed: • Favored ratification, believed Constitution was strong enough handle nation’s problems, supported a federal government , led by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison • Anti-Federalists believed: • Opposed ratification, believed Constitution was too strong, wanted a Bill of Rights added to protect individual freedoms from government abuse, led by Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams

41. Warm Up #8 – Preamble Review • See how many of the 6 purposes of government as stated in the Preamble to the Constitution you can remember… List them. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

42. Picture Activity • Gallery Walk !

43. Constitutional Convention • Met in Philadelphia in 1787 • Composed of some of the greatest thinkers, educators, statesmen, and politicians of the day • These men were collectively known as “The Framers”

44. Purpose of the Convention • Initial Purpose was to revise the Articles of Confederation . • Delegates quickly realized they were meeting to createa new government (with 3 branches!)

45. VA Plan v. NJ Plan Several plans were proposed to correct the weaknesses of the Articles: • Virginia Plan • New Jersey Plan Major similarities between the 2 plans: • Three branches of government • Congress retains powers granted under AOC • Executive chosen by Congress

46. Virginia Plan “Large State Plan” • Strong centralgov’t • L: Bicameral Congress • Representation based on population • E: “President” • Chosen by Congress • J: 1+ supreme courts with lower courts • Chosen by Congress

47. New Jersey Plan“Small State Plan” • Strong state government • L: Unicameral Congress • Each state would have = representation • Expand power to tax & regulate trade • E: Two-person presidency • Chosen by Congress; able to be removed • J: Single Supreme Court • Chosen by Executive

48. States agree • States agree to (ratify) the Constitution only after it was agreed that a Bill of Rights be added • Constitution takes effect in 1788 • Bill of Rights added in 1791 • The Constitution is written in language that is deliberately vague as a result of compromise and to allow for flexibility • Why?

49. Warm Up #9 – Sept 16 - Quote • The United States Constitution has proved itself the most marvelously elastic compilation of rules of government ever written. – FDR • What words stick to you in this quote? Why?

50. Structure of Constitution • Provides basic framework for U.S. government • Outlines basic principles, structure, and processes • Three parts— • Preamble • VII Articles • 27 Amendments