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STAAR FLASH CARDS

STAAR FLASH CARDS. You are expected to have these 20 cards done by the time I return Glue them into your com book & turn it in at the of class Tuesday!. Declaration of Independence 1776. Mostly written by Thomas Jefferson Listed reasons why colonists were demanding independence from Britain

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STAAR FLASH CARDS

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  1. STAAR FLASH CARDS You are expected to have these 20 cards done by the time I return Glue them into your com book & turn it in at the of class Tuesday!

  2. Declaration of Independence 1776 • Mostly written by Thomas Jefferson • Listed reasons why colonists were demanding independence from Britain • Listed the grievances of colonists against the British King • Argued the purpose of government was to protect citizen’s unalienable rights to life, liberty, & pursuit of happiness • Justified the overthrow of government that abuses people’s power

  3. US Constitution 1787 • Replaced the Articles of Confederation • Established new national government • Provided 3 branches • Executive – President • Legislature – 2 house Congress • Judiciary – Supreme Court • Principles to make sure its not too powerful • Federalism • Limited government • Checks & balances • Popular Sovereignty

  4. First Amendment 1791 • Protections of Individual Freedoms • Cant establish a state religion • Cant stop individuals from practicing own religion • Cant make laws prohibiting people from peacefully assembling • Right to petition the government to correct wrongs • Cant make laws limiting freedom of press

  5. Bill of Rights 1791 • Protections of Individual Freedoms • 2nd – right to bare arms • 3rd – no quartering of soldiers • Protects rights of accused • 4th – no unreasonable searches/seizures by government • 5th – “due process” • 6th – fair & impartial trail • 8th – no cruel & unusual punishment, no excessive bail

  6. Alexis de Tocqueville • Frenchman that came to US to study prison system • “Democracy in America” • E Pluribus Unum – Out on many comes one – several states united to form one nation • Believed characteristics set apart Americans • Liberty • Egalitarianism (equality) • Individualism • Populism • Laissez-faire

  7. Other Key Individuals • John Trumbull, Sr – colonial governor who sided with colonists • John Peter Muhlenberg – Clergyman who recruited soldiers to fight British • John Hancock – President of Second Continental Congress, signer of DoI • Benjamin Rush – Father of American Medicine, signer of DoI

  8. John Witherspoon – Signer of DoI, president of New Jersey College • John Jay – helped write Federalist Papers, first Chief Justice of Supreme Court, negotiated boundary treaty with England • Charles Carroll – Signer of DoI

  9. Great Entrepreneurs • Robber Barons or Captain of Industry? • Robber Barons • Businessman that used ruthless tactics to destroy competition & keep wages low • Andrew Carnegie • Gospel of Wealth • Steel production • Owned iron ore fields, coal mines, steel mills • Philanthropist that gave to libraries • John D Rockefeller • Controlled refining oil process • Forced to dissolve his company when he owned the monopoly • Great philanthropist

  10. Rise of Organized Labor • Problems faced by workers • Long hours & wages • Child labor • Lack of job security • Rise of Labor Unions • Knights of Labor: Terrence Powderly • American Federation of Labor: Samuel Gompers • Government attitude towards Unions • Had antiunion bias • Many in government saw unions as driving up cost of goods • Haymarket Affair of 1886 • Labor leaders blamed when a bomb exploded during demonstration of striking workers

  11. Rise American Industry Free Enterprise System Contributions of Government Protection of property & contracts Passing of protective tariffs System of patents fostered new inventions People are free to produce & sell what they want People go into business to make profit Prices are set by supply & demand Inefficient companies that are unable to compete are driven out of business

  12. Emergence of the Modern Industrial Economy • Expansion of railroads • Development of Transcontinental railroad & other new railroads improved travel • Growth of Population • Development of a national market • Technological Progress • Bessemer Process • Electricity gave birth to new industries • Oil industry replaced whale oil • Development of the corporation as a business organization

  13. Urbanization • Movement of people from the countryside to cities • Problems • Crowded tenements • Pollution, sewage contamination of water • Inability to supply essential public services – hospitals, police, schools, & clean streets • Political corruption: • Political machines – run by political bosses helped immigrants but stole from government through overpriced contracts

  14. Immigration • Push factors • Oppression • Poverty • Wars • Ethnic persecution • Pull factors • Belief in American freedom • Economic opportunity • Cultural ties • New Immigrants • Southern & Eastern Europe • Catholic & Jews • Less educated • Spoke no English • Process of Americanization • Learned to speak, act, & behave like Americans • Left to children

  15. Settlement of the Far West • Discovery of Gold & Silver • Klondike Gold Rush • Gold found Yukon 1896 • Transcontinental Railroad 1869 • Made travel to West Coast easier • Homestead Act 1862 • Made federal land available to settlers • Ranchers • Drove cattle across open range • Farms • Dug wells • Made sod houses • Used barbed wire & steel plows

  16. Policy towards Native Americans • Indian Wars • Federal troops defeated Sioux & other tribes on Great Plains & Southwest • Forced them onto reservation • Policy of government was to move them to reservations • Dawes Act 1887 • Americanize Native Americans • Abolished tribes, allotted lands to individuals, who sold them • American Indian Citizenship Act 1924 • Granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in US

  17. Agrarian Movement • Problems of farmers 1870 – 1900 • Increased farm production led to more crops but falling food prices • Farmers shipped goods to market & at mercy of railroad rates • Farmers constantly in debt, bad harvest could bankrupt them • Grange Movement 1876 • Original goal – reduce rural isolation • Turned group demanding economic & political reforms • Helped get Interstate Commerce Act 1887 regulated railroad rates

  18. Progressive Movement 1900 - 1920 • Goals • Correct political & economic injustices from industrialization • Roots of Progressives in Social Gospel Movement • Led by Protestant clergyman • Called Christians to ride to challenge of helping fellow man • Impact of Progressives • Social reforms • Brought many reforms to society • Jane Addams – leader in settlement house movement – Hull House • WEB DuBois • African American leader who helped found NAACP

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