Where are they coming from? The educational environment in China today

1. Where are they coming from?The educational environment in China today Kathryn Mohrman School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University The American University Meets the Pacific Century University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign March 9, 2012

2. Introduction • China teaching—Fulbright prof in HK, visiting prof at Sichuan University • China administration—Hopkins-Nanjing Center, University Design Consortium, Center for American Culture • China research—higher education policy, institutional reform, world-class universities

3. An Explosive Expansion of Higher Education in China (unit: million) Source: China Statistics Yearbook, 2007; China Knowledge, http://www.chinaknowledge.com/Business/CBGdetails.aspx?subchap=1&content=8 Note: Does not include postgraduate program figures

4. Cost of college • Per capita annual income 2009 • National average $5,029 • Beijing $8,180 • Shanghai $8,641 • Tuition Peking U--$1,333 UIUC--$25,996 • Other PKU--$2,400 UIUC--$9,838 • TOTAL 2011 PKU--$3,733 UIUC--$35,834 Conversion to US dollars using World Bank Purchasing Power Parity index

5. Number of Chinese Students Going Overseas and Returning Source: China Statistics Yearbook, 2007; China Knowledge, http://www.chinaknowledge.com/Business/CBGdetails.aspx?subchap=1&content=8

6. From Open Doors Fact Sheet: China 2011

7. Social media • Tencent: 200 million users • Sina: 140 million • 42% under 20 years • 37% between 20-30 • 21% over 30 From Yang Lan, TED talk

8. Reasons for blogging • Emotional self expression (74.3%) • Record of life and growth (59%) • Share information and ideas (55.7%) • Relax (55%) • Gather information (47%) • Learn the status of friends (41.6%) From Yang Lan, TED talk

9. References • Chen, Shengluo. 2011. Survey study on Chinese university students' perceptions of the political systems of china and the united states. Chinese Education & Society 44 (2) (Mar): 13-57. • Gu, Qing. 2012. The impact of study abroad on the student self. University World News Global Edition (206). • Hannum, Emily, Xuehui An, and Hua-Yu Sebastian Cherng. 2011. Examinations and educational opportunity in china: Mobility and bottlenecks for the rural poor. Oxford Review of Education 37 (2): 267-305.

10. Liu, Bo. 2011. Awareness of stratification among fifth generation young people: A study. Chinese Education & Society 44 (2) (Mar): 80-94. • Marginson, Simon. 2011. Higher education in East Asia and Singapore: Rise of the Confucian model. Higher Education 61 : 587-611. • Ma, Wanhua. 2009. The prospects and dilemmas in Americanizing Chinese higher education. Asia Pacific Education Review 10:117-124. • McMahon, Patrick. 2011. Chinese voices: Chinese learners and their experiences of living and studying in the United Kingdom. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 33 (4): 401-414.

11. Noah, Harold J. and Max A. Eckstein; 1989. Tradeoffs in examination policies. Oxford Review of Education 15 (1): 17-27. • Pan, Su-Yan. 2011. Education abroad, human capital development, and national competitiveness: China's brain gain strategies. Frontiers of Education in China 6 (1): 106-138. • Rosen, Stanley. 2011. Attitudes and behavior of contemporary Chinese youth: Nationalism, materialism, and internationalism. Chinese Education & Society 44 (2) (Mar): 4-12. • Price, Linda et al. 2011. Approaches to studying and perceptions of the academic environment among university students in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Education 31 (2): 159-175.

12. Ross, Heidi, and Yimin Wang. 2010. The college entrance examination in China: An overview of its social-cultural foundations, existing problems, and consequences. Chinese Education & Society 43 (4): 3-10. • Shan, Xiaoqi, and Zhanxin Guo. 2011. Angry youth of the new century and the patriotism of young people. Chinese Education & Society 44 (2) (Mar): 95-103. • Wu, Hong. 2011. A critique of today's angry youth. Chinese Education & Society 44 (2) (Mar): 104-9. • Xiao, Shunan, and Qin Zhou. 2011. Why do sixty percent of young people feel their compatriots have blind faith in foreign things? Chinese Education & Society 44 (2): 58-64. • Yan, Fengqiao. 2010. Tensions within the changing Chinese higher education system. Frontiers of Education in China 5 (4): 473-6.

13. Yang, Lan. The generation that's remaking china. [cited 01/23 2012]. Available from http://www.ted.com/talks/yang_lan.html • Yu, Lianne, Cynthia Chan, and Christopher Ireland. 2007. China's new culture of cool: Understanding the world's fastest growing market. Berkeley, CA: New Riders. • Zhang, Guo, Ping Yang, and Wang Wei. 2011. Do not frown when you see post-90s. Chinese Education & Society 44 (2) (Mar): 65-9. • Zhang, Wei. 2011. The war between two labels. Chinese Education & Society 44 (2) (Mar): 70-75.

14. Zhang, Yuanshan, Lei Rao, Liangyu Feng, and Gui Peng . 2011. Discussions on petty bourgeois and angry youth. Chinese Education & Society 44 (2) (Mar): 110-127. • Zhao, Feng. 2011. The evolution from generation to post-XX. Chinese Education & Society 44 (2) (Mar): 76-79. • Zhou, Yuefang, Divya Jindal-Snape, Keith Topping, and John Todman. 2008. Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education. Studies in Higher Education 33 (1): 63-75.

15. Thank you • Kathryn Mohrman • Director, University Design Consortium • Professor, School of Public Affairs • Arizona State University • kmohrman@asu.edu