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World War II

World War II. The Homefront. Military Mobilization. Americans joined together Industrial war machine Selective Service 16.5 million men become G.I.’s. Women in Service. Volunteers 216,000 WACS – Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps WAVES – Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service

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World War II

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  1. World War II The Homefront

  2. Military Mobilization • Americans joined together • Industrial war machine • Selective Service • 16.5 million men become G.I.’s

  3. Women in Service • Volunteers 216,000 • WACS – Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps • WAVES – Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service • SPARS – Semper Paratus (Always ready) Coast Guard • Marine Corps Women Reserve • WASP – Women Airforce Service Pilots • WAFS – Women Auxiliary Ferry Service • 200 army nurses killed • About 90 women  prisoners of war

  4. SPARS Average age at enlistment was 22. Most were high school graduates.

  5. WASP 38 WASP or trainees killed

  6. African Americans • 1,000,000 entered the war (segregated) • Non-combat roles in Navy & Coast Guard • Army = tank battalion

  7. Japanese Americans • Nisei: 2nd generation • Issei: 1st generation • 442nd “Go for broke” • Most decorated • 18,000 individual medals • 1 Medal of Honor, 53 Distinguished Service Crosses, 588 Silver Stars, 5,200 Bronze Star Medals, 9,486 Purple Hearts

  8. Relocation of JapaneseInternment Camps • Rounded up by the FBI (threat to national security) • Internment camps in the west • Stayed there most of the war • Left alone in Hawaii • 48 hours to evacuate – fear of spying • After, government pays about $35 million • Lost over $400 million

  9. Japanese Internment Camps

  10. Internment camps Notice the tags. What does this remind you of?

  11. Workforce mobilization • 46.5 million 53 million • Wages rose 70% during war years • Limited strikes • Women • 60% less pay – no job security • Minorities

  12. Production Increases • WAR PRODUCTION BOARD • Decides which goods should get raw materials • Limited gasoline people could buy • Scrap drives (metal, fat) • OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION • Fix prices to keep prices down • Ration stamps • Meat, shoes, butter, sugar, coffee • Black Market • Increasing taxes • Selling war bonds

  13. The Homefront

  14. Propaganda posters

  15. Interpreting Posters • In advertising, everything is specific • Propaganda is trying to get you to believe a certain thing. • What are these posters saying to you?

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