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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Energy Transformations. Light energy. ECOSYSTEM. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Organic molecules. CO 2 + H 2 O. + O 2. Cellular respiration in mitochondria. ATP. powers most cellular work. Heat energy. Figure 9.2. E Transformations  Thermodynamics.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Energy Transformations

  3. Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesisin chloroplasts Organicmolecules CO2 + H2O + O2 Cellular respirationin mitochondria ATP powers most cellular work Heatenergy Figure 9.2 E Transformations  Thermodynamics • E flows into ecosystem as sunlight

  4. Cellular respiration • Uses O2 and sugar (glucose) • Yields ATP

  5. Mitochondrion Intermembrane space Outer membrane Free ribosomes in the mitochondrial matrix Inner membrane Cristae Matrix Mitochondrial DNA 100 µm • mitochondria

  6. Glycolsis Glucose Pyruvate Mitochondrion ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Overview of cellular respiration

  7. Citric acid cycle Glycolsis Glucose Pyruvate Mitochondrion ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation

  8. Electrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Oxidativephosphorylation:electron transportandchemiosmosis Glycolsis Citric acid cycle Glucose Pyruvate Mitochondrion ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation

  9. Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Electrons carried via NADH Oxidativephosphorylation:electron transport andchemiosmosis Citric acid cycle Glycolsis Pyruvate Glucose Cytosol Mitochondrion ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Figure 9.6 • Overview of cellular respiration

  10. Electron shuttles span membrane MITOCHONDRION CYTOSOL 2 NADH or 2 FADH2 2 FADH2 2 NADH 2 NADH 6 NADH Glycolysis Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis Citric acid cycle 2 Acetyl CoA 2 Pyruvate Glucose + 2 ATP + 2 ATP + about 32 or 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, depending on which shuttle transports electrons from NADH in cytosol by substrate-level phosphorylation by substrate-level phosphorylation About 36 or 38 ATP Maximum per glucose: Figure 9.16 • 3 main processes in metabolism

  11. Glucose CYTOSOL Pyruvate No O2 present Fermentation O2 present Cellular respiration MITOCHONDRION Ethanol or lactate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Figure 9.18 2 possible pathways, with and without oxygen

  12. Evolutionary Significance of Glycolysis • Glycolysis occurs in nearly all organisms • Probably evolved before O2 in the atmosphere

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