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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Biological and Environmental Foundations. The Genetic Code. Chromosomes _______ genetic information Each cell in the human body contains _____. Cell. Figure 2.1. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid. _____ molecules make up chromosomes.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Biological and Environmental Foundations

  2. The Genetic Code Chromosomes • _______ genetic information • Each cell in the human body contains _____. Cell Figure 2.1

  3. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid • _____ molecules make up chromosomes. • Code for transmission of all genetic information • ______ is a segment of a DNA molecule. Gene

  4. Ovum Ovum Sperm X Sperm Y X X XY XX Male or Female? • Sex is determined by whether an X-bearing or a Y-bearing sperm (male sex cell) fertilizes the ovum (female sex cell) . Male Female

  5. homozygous heterozygous Patterns of Genetic Inheritance • If the genes are alike, the child is _________ and will display the inherited trait. • If they are different, then the child is________, and relationships between the genes determine the trait that will appear. • _______ genes will always result in the characteristics while recessive genes will only have effect if paired with another recessive gene • _______ some traits result from interactions of many genes

  6. Reproductive choices • Genetic counseling – assess likelihood of having a baby who has inherited _________ • Prenatal diagnostic methods(genetic testing): • __________ – fluid obtained from uterus • _________ – high-frequency waves used to obtain an image

  7. Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Medicine • Detection of ______ • Some problems can be treated before birth, but practices are controversial. • Today, the goal is to map chromosomes and correct hereditary defects with genetic repair or replacement.

  8. Reproductive Technologies • _____________ - sperm from a donor is injected into the woman • _______________ - egg and sperm are united in a dish • _________- another woman is inseminated with the father’s sperm and then delivers the baby • embryo adoption • _________________________ - saving healthy tissues for later use • __________ - organism grown from cell of parent and is genetically identical

  9. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS FOR DEVELOPMENT • Family • Friends • School • Society

  10. Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Family Functioning • Index of a family's or individual's social position and economic well-being. It combines years of education, ________________________, and income. • Affects ____________________ of phases of the family life cycle

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