The Eisenhower Years – Foreign & Domestic (1952-1960)

1. The Eisenhower Years – Foreign & Domestic (1952-1960)

2. The Eisenhower Years – Domestic (1952-1960) Election of 1952 – “I Like Ike”—good reputation, looking to end Korean conflict and clean up “mess.” His policies are known as “Modern Republicanism.” Wins 2nd term in ’56. Business like cabinet. Priority to budget balance and cut federal spending. Created Dept. of HEW. Interstate Highway System – 1956 – used for defense and travel – created jobs, suburbs, and changed different markets. Between 1945 & 1960 per capita disposable income tripled.

3. The Eisenhower Years – Domestic (1952-1960) POPULAR CULTURE – Television – advertising, comedies, sports, westerns, news. Advertising Paperback & records – Elvis Presley Corporate America – shirt & tie symbolize uniformity William Whyte “The Organized Man.” AF of L and CIO merge. White collar & Blue collar. Vacation & expansion of religion. Women’s roles – homemaking “Baby & Child Care” Dr. Benjamin Spock. Dissatisfied with inequality. Social Critics – Sociologists (Mills), writers (Salinger), and Beatniks (Kerouac)

4. The Eisenhower Years – Domestic (1952-1960) Jackie Robinson Truman integrates armed forces, civil right legislation, but Jim Crow (poll tax, segregation, clauses, tests, intimidation) still exist in South. Democracy sinking into minds of African Americans & Asian Americans b/c of Cold War. Civil Rights Movement - *BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION – Tried by Thurgood Marshall – Plessy v. Ferguson violates 14th amendment – Court overturns decision. Resistance in South – Federal troops are used to enforce the law/constitution. (Gov. Orval Faubus) Montgomery Bus Boycott – Rosa Parks – Series of non-violent protests are triggered led by Martin Luther King Jr. Segregation ruled unconstitutional – 2 civil right laws 1957/1960. SCLC - non-violence to protest segregated facilities.

5. The Eisenhower Years – Foreign (1952-1960) Dulles’ Diplomacy – aggressive challenging of USSR and China. Show nuclear superiority – “Brinkmanship” – Reliance on nuclear weapons. New 3rd world countries develop – India, Pakistan, Indonesia – lack stable economy and political futures so need $ ---big ?? CIA – covert actions to overthrow several governments (Iran) for needs like oil. Korean armistice

6. The Eisenhower Years – Foreign (1952-1960) Indochina falls – Vietnam & Cambodia are now communist Ho Chi Minh – North Vietnam under his control South Vietnam under non-communist Ngo Dinh Diem. U.S. gives 1 billion in aid. Analogy made to “Domino Theory.” Formed SEATO. Middle East – problems w/ Israel & Palestine ---trouble with Suez canal and British French control Eisenhower Doctrine – give aid to all Mid-East countries who are threatened by communism. OPEC develops.

7. The Eisenhower Years – Foreign (1952-1960) Geneva Convention – peaceful relation – Bulganin & Khruschev. Hungarian revolt – overthrow communists – USSR steps in and takes it back. Sputnik NASA 2nd Berlin Crisis. U-2 incident Cuba – Castro overthrows Batista – Nationalizes American business – We cut off trade – Turns to USSR – we train anticommunist exiles to take him (Castro) out ---Bay of Pigs under Kennedy.