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Chapter 5 Compounds and Their Bonds

Chapter 5 Compounds and Their Bonds. 5.7 Electronegativity and Bond Polarity. Electronegativity. The electronegativity value indicates the attraction of an atom for shared electrons increases from left to right going across a period on the periodic table

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Chapter 5 Compounds and Their Bonds

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  1. Chapter 5Compounds and Their Bonds 5.7Electronegativity and Bond Polarity

  2. Electronegativity Theelectronegativity value • indicates the attraction of an atom for shared electrons • increases from left to right going across a period on the periodic table • decreases going down a group on the periodic table • is high for the nonmetals, with fluorine as the highest • is low for the metals

  3. Some Electronegativity Values High values Low values

  4. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds A nonpolar covalent bond • occurs between nonmetals • has an equal or almost equal sharing of electrons • has almost no electronegativity difference (0.0 to 0.4) Examples: Atoms Electronegativity Type of Bond Difference _______________ N–N3.0 – 3.0 = 0.0 Nonpolar covalent Cl–Br3.0 – 2.8 = 0.2 Nonpolar covalent H–Si 2.1 – 1.8 = 0.3 Nonpolar covalent

  5. Polar Covalent Bonds A polar covalent bond • occurs between nonmetal atoms • has an unequal sharing of electrons • has a moderate electronegativity difference (0.5 to 1.7) Examples: Atoms Electronegativity Type of Bond Difference __________ _ O–Cl3.5 – 3.0 = 0.5 Polar covalent Cl–C3.0 – 2.5 = 0.5 Polar covalent O–S 3.5 – 2.5 = 1.0 Polar covalent

  6. Comparing Nonpolar and Polar Covalent Bonds

  7. Ionic Bonds An ionic bond • occurs between metal and nonmetal ions • is a result of electron transfer • has a large electronegativity difference (1.8 or more). Examples: Atoms Electronegativity Type of Bond Difference _____ ________ Cl–K 3.0 – 0.8 = 2.2 Ionic N–Na3.0 – 0.9 = 2.1 Ionic S–Cs 2.5 – 0.7 = 1.8 Ionic

  8. Electronegativity and Bond Types

  9. Predicting Bond Types

  10. Learning Check Use the electronegativity difference to identify the type of bond between the following: nonpolar covalent (NP), polar covalent (P), or ionic (I) A. K–N B. N–O C. Cl–Cl D. B–Cl

  11. Solution Use the electronegativity difference to identify the type of bond between the following: nonpolar covalent (NP), polar covalent (P), or ionic (I) A. K–N 2.2 ionic (I) B. N–O 0.5 polar covalent (P) C. Cl–Cl 0.0 nonpolar covalent (NP) D. B–Cl 1.0 polar covalent (P)

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