The Great Depression & The New Deal

1. The Great Depression & The New Deal Chapters 22 & 23

2. Study for test! Chapters 17&18

3. STARTER: Thursday, November 30 Read pages 618-619 and answer the three questions below: • What was Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet? What did it do? • Why didn’t Roosevelt support full civil rights for African Americans? • How did New Deal policies affect Native Americans? Read “Historical Spotlight: Deportation of Mexican Americans” on page 712 and answer the question below: • Why do you think Mexican Americans were met with hostility during the Depression?

4. Cultural Figures of the 1930s Writers ____________________ Radio Stars ____________________ Movie Stars ____________________ Painters ____________________ GROUP 3 Writers

5. 1930-1939 Video • What was the Bonus Army? • What happened during Roosevelt’s first 100 days? • How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles? • What was FDR’s stance on the war when World War II began in Europe? • What was life like in the cities during the Great Depression? • What segments of the population supported the President’s plan to get us out of the Great Depression? • What did the CCC do?

6. What was the Dust Bowl? • What group was most effected by the Great Depression? Why? • Who was John L. Lewis? • What games were played during the 30s? • How did Jesse Owens upset Hitler’s hopes for the 1936 Olympics? • Who was the first woman appointed to the cabinet? • What was the cause of the “crime crack down” of the 1930s? • Who was the most famous woman of the 1930s? Why?

7. What was the newsreel? • What was public reaction to “The War of the Worlds”? • Who was the most famous aviator of the 30s? • What did the Public Works Administration do? • What was the dance craze of the 30s?

8. 4/23 • Test Corrections • Correct Answer • Why it is correct

9. Starter • Read Causes of the Great Depression on pages 572-573 • Answer Two questions • Read Effects of the Great Depression on page 579 • Answer two questions If you were absent on Friday, Turn in your Great Depression/ New Deal Packet. It will not be accepted after 11:15

10. Starter • Imagine that I gave the class $1,000. Then we drove to Raleigh to eat at the Cheesecake Factory. • What would you buy to eat? • How would the restaurant respond to us coming?

11. Starter • Read “The First 100 Days” along the bottoms of pages 602 and 603 • Answer the two Questions

12. Starter • Assessment Sheets  • Last Name- A-O on the Table • Last Name – P-W on the Cart

13. Take out Great Depression/ New Deal Packet • Today I am checking: • Goal 8 Assessment Sheets • Midterm Assessment Sheets • 9a Vocabulary • 9a Assessment Sheet • 9b Vocabulary • GD/ND Packet

14. Objectives • 9.01 Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920's and 1930's.

15. Get to work on your packet! The Great Depression & The New DealPacket Due TODAY for a Quiz Grade

16. COPY YOUR VOCABULARYGreat Depression New Deal VocabularyDue Monday • Prosperity • Warren G Harding • Calvin Coolidge • Herbert Hoover • Speculation • Black Tuesday • Business cycle • Great Depression • Hawley-Smoot Tariff • John M Keynes • Destitution • Breadline • Hoovervilles • Cesar Chavez • Dust Bowl • Okies • Depression • Repatriation • Localsim • Trickledown economics • Bonus army • Douglas Macarthur • John Steinbeck • Franklin D Roosevelt • New Deal • Fireside chats • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • Social Security Act • Wagner Act • Collective Bargaining • Fair Labor Standards Act • Black Deal • Indian New Deal • New Deal Coalition • Welfare State • Federal Art Project

17. ASSESSMENT SHEETS!!!

18. Great Depression & New Deal Packet • Assessment Sheet • Vocabulary • “What Would You Do?” • Chapter 17, Section 1 Questions • Chapter 17, Section 2 Chart • Chapter 17, Section 3 Questions • If you are finished, put this work in the basket • If not, this is homework! STOP! You’re done!

19. “What Would You Do?” It is 1929 and the U.S. economy has collapsed. Farms, businesses, and banks nationwide are failing, causing massive unemployment and poverty. You are out of work with little prospect of finding a job. • What would you do to feed your family? • What can you do to find a paying job? • What can unemployed and impoverished people do to help each other?

20. Causes of the DepressionChapter 17, Section 1 (Write the question & the answer!) • 1. What is meant by a “bull market”? • 2. What advantage did Hoover have over Smith in the Presidential election of 1928? • Why did the farming industry grow weak? • How did the uneven distribution of income create economic problems? • Why did more Americans start living on credit? • Explain what is meant by buying stocks on “speculation” and “buying on margin”. • What did shareowners do with their stocks in September/October of 1929? • What was Black Tuesday? NEXT SLIDE

21. Explain what is meant by buying stocks on “speculation” and “buying on margin”. • What did shareowners do with their stocks in September/October of 1929? • What was Black Tuesday? • Why did banks fail after the stock market crash? • Why did key basic industries lose business? • What was the Hawley Smoot Tariff and how did other countries respond? • Why did the Great Depression impact Europe as well? NEXT SLIDE

22. 17, Section 2Complete the chart, describing the hardships faced during the Great Depression (detailed descriptions) NEXT SLIDE

23. Chapter 17, Section 3Write the questions and the answers • What did Hoover believe was the government’s chief function during the Depression? • Why did Hoover oppose federal welfare? • What were some of the projects Hoover proposed to get the nation out of the Depression? How effective were they? • Name ways Americans protested Hoover’s efforts to get the nation out of the Depression. • What did Hoover ultimately do about the Bonus Army? Stop!

24. STOP WORKING ON THE QUESTIONSWatch the video “Broke, but not Broken” & answer these questions • What choices did Ann Marie Low’s family make during the Depression? Do you agree with their choices? Explain. • What did you learn about the relationship between the government & farmers? • What did the older Ann Marie Low’s comments add to your understanding of the Great Depression? NEXT SLIDE

25. Starter 11/16 • Imagine that you have been elected president of the US in 1932 • Create a plan to address one of the major economic and social issues facing the country • Test will be tomorrow. It is in your best interest that it is.

26. Why did key basic industries lose business? • Older industries gave way to the industries of new technologies • Example: the railroad industry (and those industries associated with it) gave way to the automobile industry • The end of the war led to the decrease in business for some industries • New sources of energy replaced old sources of energy

27. Answers to packet

28. 1. What is meant by a “bull market”? A period of rising stock prices Americans were rushing to buy stocks during a “bull market”

29. 2. What advantages did Hoover have over Smith in the Presidential election of 1928? • Experience in Public Service • head of the Food Administration, • Secretary of Commerce • The success of the previous Republican administrations

31. 3. Why did the farming industry grow weak? • End of the war led to less demand for crops • Farmers had taken out loans during the war and when demand fell and crop prices fell, farmers went in debt • Farms were lost and they defaulted on their loan

32. The coal mining industry also suffered! New sources of energy were used, including hydroelectric power, fuel oil, and natural gas replaced coal

33. 4. How did the uneven distribution of income create economic problems? Many people could not afford expensive goods, such as refrigerators

34. 5. Why did more Americans start living on credit? • People were buying less due to high prices, stagnant wages, an uneven distribution of income, and overbuying on credit • People lived on credit so they could have new items. • When you purchased items on credit, you would have to pay interest charges • People went into debt

35. 6. Explain what is meant by buying stocks on “speculation” and “buying on margin”. Speculation: Buying a stock/bond on the hopes of a quick return (profit) on your investment Buying on Margin: paying only a small percentage of what the stock is worth; or, only putting a down payment down on the stock & borrowing the rest • Very little regulation of the stock market existed & the government did not interfere

36. 7. What did shareowners do with their stocks in September/October of 1929? They sold them as quickly as they could because they suspected the stock market would crash

37. 8. What was Black Tuesday? • The day (October 29, 1929) the stock market crashed • 16.4 million shares were dropped that day & many could not find buyers • People who had bought stocks were either left in debt or their savings were gone • Within a few weeks, $30 billion was lost buy investors8.

38. 9. Why did banks fail after the stock market crash? Many banks failed because they had no money… they had used people’s money to invest in the stock market as well! At this time, the government had not started to protect & insure the money in the banks

39. 10. Why did key basic industries lose business? • Businesses laid off employees and reduced production • The increased number of unemployed led to a decrease in consumer spending • Less consumer spending contributed to more lay offs

40. People lose their jobs. Even more people Lose their confidence And spend less money Causes of the Depression Demand drops. Fewer goods are sold. The Spiral Of Depression In order to stay in business companies cut wages Companies are forced to cut costs by laying people off People lose their confidence & start saving their money Demand drops even further.

41. 11. What was the Hawley Smoot Tariff and how did other countries respond? • Tax on imports that raised prices on foreign goods so that they could not compete with American goods • In retaliation other European countries created similar tariffs that harmed American business

42. 12. Why did the Great Depression impact Europe as well? • Europe was still trying to recover from the war • Many nations were trying to pay off war debts & Germany was paying reparations • America limited imports to protect its economy (Hawley-Smoot Tariff) • In return, other nations did not buy our products

46. 1. What did Hoover believe was the government’s chief function during the Depression? • To foster cooperation between conflicting groups and interests • The government should step in to solve problems, but not force cooperation

47. 2. Why did Hoover oppose federal welfare? • He believed hand-outs would weaken people’s self-respect & “moral fiber” • He believed America was based on “individualism” and it was not the job of the government to take care of individuals and their families • Individuals (people, charities, local organizations) should pitch in to help, not the government

48. 3. What were some of the projects Hoover proposed to get the nation out of the Depression? How effective were they? • Boulder Dam- successful in getting power and water to California; aided in agricultural production • Federal Home Loan Bank Act- lowered mortgage rates & allowed farmers to refinance their loans • Reconstruction Finance Corporation- offered financing to businesses, believing this would help average people; this was unsuccessful and was seen a “too little, too late”

49. 4. Name ways Americans protested Hoover’s efforts to get the nation out of the Depression? • The Republicans (Hoover’s party) were voted out of Congress in the 1930 elections • Farmers burned and dumped their crops rather than sell them at a loss • Farmers blocked roads to prevent food from getting to market • Shantytowns were called “Hoovervilles”; Newspapers were called “Hoover blankets”; Empty pockets (inside out) were called “Hoover flags”

50. 5. What did Hoover ultimately do about the Bonus Army? • Tear gassed, troops moved in with bayonets, fires were started, people were shot. • People were stunned at the government’s response to these veterans