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Sensation and Perception

Sensation and Perception. Fall 2011. Understanding Sensation. Synesthesia. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRXk8jT5OPI&feature=related http :// www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rSbtg7wohs&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpCEI0sQuWw&feature=related.

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Sensation and Perception

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  1. Sensation and Perception Fall 2011

  2. Understanding Sensation

  3. Synesthesia • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRXk8jT5OPI&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rSbtg7wohs&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpCEI0sQuWw&feature=related

  4. Processing: Detection and Conversion • Transduction- process by which a physical stimulus is converted into neural impulses

  5. Processing: Detection and Conversion • Coding- process that converts a particular sensory input into a specific sensation • Sensory reduction- filtering and analyzing incoming sensations before sending a neural message to the cortex

  6. Adaptation: Weakening the Response • Sensory adaptation- repeated or constant stimulation decreases the number of sensory messages sent to the brain, which causes decreased sensation: • Example: baby diapers

  7. Adaptation: Weakening the Response • Gate Control Theory- theory that pain sensations are processed and altered by mechanisms within the spinal cord. • Experience of pain depends partly on whether the neural message gets passed the “gatekeeper” in the spinal cord. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f6idNSaG2pE

  8. How We See and Hear • Wavelength- the distance between successive peaks • Wave amplitude- the height from peak to trough • Range of wave-lengths- the mixture of waves

  9. Hearing • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stiPMLtjYAw

  10. http://blogs.psychcentral.com/channeln/2011/01/tasting/

  11. The Body Senses: More Than Just Touch • Skin senses • Vestibular sense • Kinesthesia

  12. Sensation and Perception • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/national-geographic-channel/specials-1/brain-games/ngc-brain-games-pay-attention.html

  13. Understanding Perception

  14. Optical Illusions • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TITFtgH_TcA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mf5otGNbkuc • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aJlX0AEWys&feature=BFa&list=PL28FC7F0D6025E36D&lf=results_main

  15. Selection: Extracting Important Messages • Selective attention • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo • Feature detectors • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwCrxomPbtY&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAUfCxxytwg • Habituation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kfu0FAAu-10

  16. Organization: Form, Constancy, Depth, and Color • Gestalt- a German word meaning “form” or “whole” • Gestalts emphasize the importance of organization and patterning in enabling us to perceive te whole stimuluse rather than perceiving its discrete parts as seprarate entities.

  17. Gestalt Principles • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxKcpfFvuf8

  18. Depth Perception • Learned primarily through experience • Visual cliff:

  19. Visual Cliff • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OelrPzpQ6Q

  20. Binocular vs. Monocular Cues

  21. Color Perception • Trichromatic theory- theory that color perception results from mixing three distinct color systems-red, green, and blue. • First proposed by Thomas Young early 19th century • Refined by Herman von Helmholtz • Opponent-process theory- theory that color perception is based on three systems of color receptors, each of which responds in an on-off fashion to opposite-color stimuli: blue-yellow, red-green, and black-white.

  22. Color Aftereffects • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gznqc4tsPHU&feature=fvwrel

  23. Color-Deficient Vision • Most people perceive red, green, and blue and are, therefore, trichromats. • Those who perceive only two colors are called dichromats. • People who are sensitive to only the black-white syem are called monochromats.

  24. Color-Deficient Vision • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f0-RerFUco

  25. Interpretation: Explaining Our Perceptions

  26. Interpretation • Perceptual adaptation • Perceptual set • Frame of reference • Bottom-up processing • Top-down processing

  27. Bottom-up, Top-down Processing Toututallyunferstanbwhak I emtrjinq to sey

  28. Bottom-up, Top-down Processing • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jkaSIOqUgY

  29. Sensation and Perception • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwfqUtDPwyM&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PLCE09901C1FA32E4D

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