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CCNA 1 Chapter 9 TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers

CCNA 1 Chapter 9 TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers. By Your Name. Objectives. TCP/IP transport layer TCP/IP application layer. Routed Protocols Versus Routing Protocols. Routing protocols determine the path that routed protocols follow to their destinations.

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CCNA 1 Chapter 9 TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers

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  1. CCNA 1 Chapter 9TCP/IP Transport and Application Layers By Your Name

  2. Objectives • TCP/IP transport layer • TCP/IP application layer

  3. Routed Protocols Versus Routing Protocols Routing protocols determine the path that routed protocols follow to their destinations.

  4. The Transport Layer Functions Five basic services: • Segmenting upper-layer application data • Establishing end-to-end operations • Sending segments from one end host to another end host • Ensuring data reliability • Providing flow control

  5. Flow Control • Avoids the problem of a host at one side of the connection overflowing the buffers in the host at the other side • Ensures the integrity of the data

  6. Session Establishment

  7. Three-Way Handshake

  8. Windowing • A method of controlling the amount of information transferred end to end • Information can be measured in terms of the number of packets or the number of bytes

  9. Window Size Larger window sizes increase communication efficiency.

  10. Acknowledgment • Positive acknowledgment requires a recipient to communicate with the source, sending back an acknowledgment message when it receives data. • Sender keeps a record of each data packet that it sends and expects an acknowledgment.

  11. Layer 4 Protocols

  12. TCP • Connectionoriented • Reliable • Divides outgoing messages into segments • Reassembles messages at the destination station • Resends anything not received • Reassembles messages from incoming segments

  13. UDP • Connectionless • Unreliable • Transmits messages (called user datagrams) • Provides no software checking for message delivery (unreliable) • Does not reassemble incoming messages • Uses no acknowledgments • Provides no flow control

  14. TCP/IP Protocol Graph

  15. TCP Segment Format

  16. UDP Segment Format

  17. Port Numbers

  18. Application Layer

  19. TCP/IP Application Layer

  20. Responsibilities • Identifying and establishing the availability of intended communication partners • Synchronizing cooperating applications • Establishing agreement on procedures for error recovery • Controlling data integrity

  21. Application Layer Examples • Domain Name System • File Transfer Protocol • Hypertext Transfer Protocol • Simple Mail Transport Protocol • Simple Network Management Protocol • Telnet

  22. Domain Name System

  23. FTP • FTP is a reliable, connection-oriented service that uses TCP to transfer files between systems that support FTP.

  24. HTTP

  25. SMTP • E-mail servers communicate with each other using the Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) to send and receive mail.

  26. SNMP • The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)is an application layer protocol that facilitates the exchange of management information between network devices. • An SNMP managed network consists of the following: • Network management system (NMS) • Managed device • Agents

  27. Telnet • Telnet client software provides the ability to login to a remote Internet host that is running a Telnet server application and then to execute commands from the command line.

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