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Evolution of Civil Rights: Key Events and Challenges

Explore pivotal events in civil rights history, from Dred Scott v. Sandford to California Proposition 209. Learn how African Americans challenged segregation post-WWII with NAACP, Jackie Robinson, Brown v. Board of Education, and more. Understand the impact of de jure and de facto segregation, the role of the Warren Court, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Dive into the courageous acts that paved the way for equality and justice.

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Evolution of Civil Rights: Key Events and Challenges

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  1. Civil Rights Lecture 1

  2. Standard 11.10.2 • Examine and analyze the key events, policies and court cases in the evolution of civil rights, including Dred Scott V. Sandford, Plessy V. Ferguson, Brown V. Board of Education, Regents of the University of California V. Bakke, and California Proposition 209. • Essential Question: How did African Americans challenge segregation after World War II?

  3. Civil Rights Movement • Blacks had rights on paper but not in real life • WWII exposed hypocrisy of the nation • 1910 NAACP formed by W.E.B. DuBois • 1931 nine black boys sentenced to death for raping a girl who testified that she had not been raped • 1948 Truman desegregated the military • 1955 Emmet Till killed for allegedly whistling at a white woman in MS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRtPuQ23NZY

  4. De jure Segregation • Segregation caused by the law • Plessy v. Ferguson • separate but equal public places • Jim Crow laws in the South kept blacks from voting • poll taxes, literacy tests • whites were “grandfathered” in

  5. De facto Segregation • segregation caused by circumstances • poverty and illiteracy kept many blacks from the same opportunities as white Americans

  6. Congress of Racial Equality(C.O.R.E.) • James Farmer sought non-violent means to get civil rights in the North in 1942 • both blacks and whites worked together • Chicago, Detroit • followed teachings of Henry David Thoureau, Ghandi, and Jesus

  7. Jackie Robinson • First African American major league baseball player in 1947

  8. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 • NAACP funded a lawsuit to end segregation in schools • the Supreme Court overruled the states • Thurgood Marshall argued the case and later became a Supreme Court justice • the “Southern Manifesto” promised to defy the ruling

  9. Earl Warren – the Warren Court • Expanded the definition of civil liberties, 1954-1969 • gave federal support to the civil rights movement • Miranda rights

  10. Little Rock Nine 1957 • Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus • National Guard to bar nine black students from attending Central High School in Little Rock • Eisenhower sent the 101st Airborne to escort the students to class for a year! • a showdown of state-federal power

  11. Civil Rights Act of 1957 • Established permanent commission on civil rights with investigatory powers • lacked real power • Sen. Strom Thurmond (SC) tried to filibuster it

  12. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 • Rosa Parks was thrown in jail in 1955 for not moving to the back of the bus in Montgomery, AL • MLK led a 13 month boycott until the courts made the buses desegregate • the buses ran almost empty for months • MLK’s house was bombed by the KKK

  13. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) • Martin Luther King and other ministers organized their efforts • voter-registration drives, marches, passive resistance and non-violence

  14. Homework Questions (Part 1) - Chp. 14: Section 1 p.468 • How did segregation affect the lives of African Americans? • a) What is the difference between de facto and de jure segregation? b) Which one was more common in the North? • Who was the first African Americans to play in major league baseball? 4) a) What did the Supreme Court decide in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)? b) Why was this court decision important? 5) Why did President Eisenhower send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957? 6)How did the black community react to Rosa Park’s arrest in Montgomery, Alabama in 1955?

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