Remembering Massachusetts

1. Remembering Massachusetts by Grade 5 Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts

2. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Nock Middle School Students Create Massachusetts History Slide Show In February, 2007, members of the Nock Middle School’s grade five Crimson Team created their first Massachusetts history slide show. Based on the Massachusetts History and Social Science Frameworks, the show consists of four segments: Overview of the Colony; Conflicts over Land; Maritime Trade and Colonial Democracy; and Education in Colonial Massachusetts. Students explored these topics via a library scavenger hunt, chose a topic of interest to them, researched the topic, and wrote a paragraph on it. Next they created a PowerPoint slide and finally they recorded their own voices reading their work. We hope you enjoy the show!

3. Remembering Massachusetts Overview of the Colony

4. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. The Algonquians, the First People By Linnea M. The Algonquians are a number of different tribes that all share a similar language. The Algonquian tribes were found throughout the United States and southern Canada. They lived in wigwams which were made from bent wooden poles covered in tree bark. There were over 30 different tribes including the Pequots and Wampanoags. The women wore long dresses and the men wore breech cloths and leggings. Both men and women wore moccasins and cloaks and had their hair in long braids. They did not do much farming but the little farming they did consisted of corn, beans, squash and pumpkins. The men fished and hunted for deer, bears, wild turkey and many more types of animals. The women collected nuts and berries and made maple syrup. The Algonquians called themselves Anishnabe which means “original people”. We remember the Algonquian tribes because they were the first people in America before the English settlers came to America. Sources The Thirteen Colonies: Massachusetts by Lydia Bjornlund www.geocities.com/bigorrin/algonquian-kids.htm A History of US: Making Thirteen Colonies by Joy Hakim

5. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. Native America in the Time of Pocahontas By Liza S. Native American women inMassachusetts had a very different lifestyle than colonial Massachusetts women. Young girls would wake up early in the morning and race down to the river. They would sit there and watch the sun rise over the water. Then they would sing and dance for their gods. The women planted corn, gourds, white squashes, and pumpkins. Corn and game were very important to them. Women planted corn, picked the kernels, ground them into meal, and made cornbread with the meal. They would work the animal hides until they were soft and smooth, and then they would sew beautiful moccasins, clothes, and blankets. Women would often sew on the teeth of animals like deer. When they had porcupine quills, they would dye them and decorate moccasins with them. They would make tiny needles out of animal bones, and extremely sharp fishing hooks, too. Native Americans were very resourceful. They used twigs, grasses, and reeds to make houses, baskets, and baby carriers. ……MORE Sources: America in the time of Pocahontas by Sally Senzel Isaacs The Wampanoags

6. Native America in the Time of Pocahontas (continued) Mothers taught their daughters to farm, gather, and prepare food, as well as weaving mats for ‘weetos’. During the winter, whole generations including grandparents, parents, children, in-laws, friends, uncles, and aunts all lived in one big house called a “long house.” Native Americans are very important to Massachusetts history because without them, civilization in Massachusetts would never have been. In retrospect, none of us would be here today. They taught us how to plant good crops. If they hadn’t given us some of their food, Plymouth would have perished. We owe almost everything in our culture and life today to The Native Americans.

7. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. The History and Culture of the Pequot Indian tribe By Maryam M. The Pequots had an interesting history and culture. Some places where they were located in Connecticut were Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation, Lantern Hill, North Stonington, Mashan Tuckett, or Western Pequot, and Ledyard. The Pequot War killed many people which caused the population to go up and down. In 1610 the population was 6,000. Seventeen years later, in 1637, the population went down to 3,000. Later in 1910, there were only about 66 Pequots left! Fortunately in 2000 the Pequot population went up to 1,000. The Pequot language is Mohegan-Algonquin. Pequot is actually an Algonquin word meaning “destroyers”. The Pequot’s diet included dried squash, beans, corn on the cob, pumpkins, and more. The men’s clothes were actually more beautiful than the women’s. They wore deer skins along with soft shoes called moccasins. Pequots lived in wigwams, longhouses, and tipis. We remember this Native American tribe because they were the early people of our country and set out guidelines for life. Sources Wikapedia.com Eye Witness book the North American Indian The North American Indian by Robin May.

8. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. The Massachuset Tribe Lives On! By Carly B. The Massachuset Tribe is our state, Massachusetts’, mother. The famous tribe lived in what is now Boston and its outskirts, also the valleys of the Charles, and the Neposet of Eastern Massachusetts. Six main divisions were living there, and were named after their chiefs. They were Chickatawbut, Nanepashemet, Manataque, Cato, Nahaton, and Cutshamakin. Then, there were many, many villages, but here are just five. They are Massachuset, Mystic, Natick, Saugus, and Patuxent. These people spoke Algonquin. Speaking of many, about three-thousand Massachuset were living in seventy villages during 1614, but when the Pilgrims came in 1620, there were about less than eight hundred Natives. Just when you thought it was bad, in 1631, the Puritans counted fewer than five hundred. Sadly, they lasted no longer than the 1800s. And finally, we remember the Massachuset tribe because our state was named after them and their meaningful lives here in our beloved Massachusetts. Sources www.dickshovel.com/mass.html

9. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. The Pequot War By Gavin A. The Pequot War is remembered as one of the bloodiest and hard fought wars in Massachusetts’ history. This war was fought around what is now Block Island, Rhode Island. The reasons for this war were conflicts over land, and other disagreements. Who was involved? Well, the Puritan settlers, Pequot tribe, Narragansett tribe (who helped the Puritans), and the Mohegan tribe (who also helped the Puritans), were all in this war. It all started when the Puritan settlers massacred 500 Pequot men, women, and children on May 26, 1637. Once again, the Puritans killed over 600 Pequot people on June 5, 1637. After that scene was over, the Pequots finally tried to retaliate on the Puritans. But it still did not make much of an impact at all. The Puritans had an edge with the surprising help of the Pequot’s rival tribes, the Narragansett, and the Mohegan. The Pequot War was a Puritan victory. We remember the Pequot War because it taught us a lesson that next time a conflict like this happens, we can do our best to reach an agreement with the other party to even out the land, or to share the land equally. Sources Colonial Times, Volume 6 Your Travel Guide to Colonial America Colonial Times Grolier

10. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. The King Philip’s War By Christian C. When Massosoit died in 1661, his first son, Alexander, became chief of the Wampanoags, but Alexander died the next year. Philip, Massosoit’s second son, became chief. He worried about the English taking their land, and started plotting against the colonists. When a Christian Indian who told the English about Philip’s plans was killed, the colonists executed three Wampanoags. Philip was outraged and attacked Swansea Village. The Pilgrims and Puritans created an army to fight the Native Americans. King Philip gained allies to help him fight the English. The Native Americans had a different war style; they raided, burned villages and fought in the forests. The colonists had to adapt to that kind of warfare. The war didn’t have many big battles because the Native Americans mostly raided and burned English villages. The Pilgrims and Puritans tried to protect the villages. The natives fought the English army sometimes. ….More… Sources Cobblestone, King Philip’s War Making of the Thirteen Colonies, By Joy Hawkin The Thirteen Colonies Massachusetts’s By Lydia Bjarnland www.bio/umass.ed/biology/connriver/Philip.html

11. King Philip’s War(continued) Some battles were the Great Swamp Fight against the Naraganset, and The Battle of Deerfield . The war went on all over New England. King Philip’s wife and son were captured and sold into slavery. Philip was shot and killed at Mt. Hope. The war was over in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, but in Maine the war kept going. Finally there was a peace treaty signed in 1678 and many of the Natives lost their land. We remember King Philip’s War because the war created bonds between the Pilgrims and Puritans and almost completely wiped out the Native American’s population.

12. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. Who is King Philip? By Jack L. King Philip, or Metacom ,was born about 1638 in either Massachusetts or in Rhode Island. He was the second son of Massasoit, the leader of the Wampanoags. He also had a brother Wamsutta. Metacom started one of the bloodiest wars in the 17th century. More than 20,000 lives were taken. King Philip was the chief of the Wampanoags starting in 1662. He was peaceful to the settlers for a short period of time. Metacom grew mad at the settlers because they were moving onto his land. In 1675, the war began. King Phillip built an army to fight the settlers. He won a few battles, but the food supply was running low. In 1676, his children and wife were captured. Alderman, a Wampanoag, betrayed him and killed him on August 12, 1676. The colonists put his head on a pole in Plymouth, and displayed it to scare away other Native tribes from uprising. We remember King Phillip {Metacom} because he led one of the bloodiest Native American uprisings in the 17th century. Sources Colonial America, Volume 6

13. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. Colonial Ships By Alex C.P. By 1676, 730 ships had been built in Massachusetts alone. Colonial ships were small. They were used for fishing, whaling, sailing, and trade. Between 1697 and 1714, 1,632 ships were in Massachusetts. Some big seaports were Boston, Salem and Gloucester. Many men worked to provide ships. Some cut trees for the wood, and some built the ships. Many skilled craftsmen helped make the ships. There were carpenters, rope makers, joiners, sail makers, coopers, and blacksmiths. People used ships to trade with Europe, Africa, and the West Indies. They went to George’s Bank, Sable Island Bank, Banquereau Bank, St. Pierre Bank, Green Banks, and Grand Banks for fishing. We remember colonial ships because many men earned their living from the sea. Sources: www.answers.com Colonial America by Margaret Fischer and Mary Jane Fowler Daily Life by the Millbrook Press, Inc. Historical Atlas of Massachusetts by Richard W. Wilkie and Jack Tager

14. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. Fishing By Sam D. In 1624, the first fishing boat was made in Salem, Massachusetts. It was a shallop, which is a small boat for fishing close to shore. During the 17th century, sturdier boats were built for fishing in places such as the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. In the 1670s, there were hundreds of boats catching fish such as cod and herring. Fish from Massachusetts was traded and exported to the West Indies and the Mediterranean countries. Cod was the main type of fish. It was salted and dried. The highest type, or grade, of fish was din fish. It was sent to places such as France, Spain and Portugal. The middle grade of fish was often kept with the colonists and was easy to process and transport. The lowest grade was sent to the West Indies to feed the slaves along with pickled bass and mackerel. The highest profits were made by merchants. We remember fishing today because back then it was a very important major industry, the backbone of the New England economy and still, to this day, people make a living off of Massachusetts’ fish. Sources Colonial America, Volume 9

15. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. Whaling By Nate D. In 1712 Nantucket whaler Christopher Hussey captured the first sperm whale. This started off-shore whaling. Whaling is hunting and killing whales for their blubber. They use the blubber to make oils. The oils were made from boiling the blubber. Another substance was named ambergris which is a waxy material used for making perfume. A whaling ship had a long hull, several masts, and several skiffs, or whale boats, on deck. A whale boat is a long open boat with several oarsmen and a small sail. One person stands in the bow and throws at least one harpoon. If the whale is caught, another man would then go to the bow and throw a spear for the kill. Then the men rowed back to the ship towing the whale. Back at the ship the whale’s blubber is stripped off and chopped up into small pieces that are then cooked to remove the oil. We remember whaling because of the importance to colonial America and because of the damage done to the whale population. Sources World Book

16. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. Athenian Democracy By A.J. W. The beginning of Athenian democracy was in 507 B.C. in Attica, the city state of the Athenians. There were four main leaders that created the laws for their government, but they didn’t all serve at the same time. Their names were Draco, Solon, Piesistratus, and Cliesthenes. According to Draco and Solon’s laws, only men of noble birth were chosen for political offices, until Piesistratus came along and changed the laws. He also divided large estates among landless farmers and extended citizenship to men who did not own land. Then came Cliesthenes with his reforms that basically became the true beginning of Athenian Democracy. He changed all the local rivalries, broke the power of aristocracy, and reorganized the structure of their government. His reforms also gave the assembly the power to banish a citizen for ten years. The Athenians settled almost everything at an assembly, and under his constitution, the assembly became the major political body in Attica. We remember Athenian democracy because we have a democratic government today here in Massachusetts. Sources “Athenians V.S. Sparta,” History (The Early Ages) By Farah Karls

17. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. Dorchester Holds First Town Meeting Adam M. On October 8, 1633, Dorchester began the town meeting form of government. In the 1700s the town meeting was very important. It was usually held at a meeting house. Once or twice a year the men of each town met to vote and laws were made. They voted for men who would govern the village, for policemen, and community helpers. Voters even decided how much to pay the schoolmaster. Only men that owned land and belonged to the Puritan church could vote. We remember town meetings because they were where laws were made so they would not have hectic villages. These meetings were important because people could vote. They could not vote in England. Sources Colonial America by Margaret Fischer and Mary Jane Fowler.

18. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. John Adams By Jaycie T. On October 30, 1735, in Braintree, Massachusetts, in a small saltbox, John Adams was born. He went to Harvard College for his schooling. His job was a lawyer. Then he got married to Abigail Smith in 1764 when he was 29. He was the primary author of the Massachusetts Constitution. The constitution stated that each citizen agreed to be governed by certain laws for the common good which means that we have certain freedoms like freedom of speech and freedom of the press. John Adams was special in a lot of ways. He was the second president, the constitution that John Adams wrote is the oldest constitution still in use today, and we still have those freedoms. We remember John Adams because he wrote the Massachusetts Constitution and that gave us freedom. Sources Ask.com The John Adamses by Cass R. Sandack

19. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. The Birth Of Schooling By Alex M. In 1647, there was a law passed that required every Massachusetts town of more than 50 families to maintain a schoolmaster or else be fined. The law also required everytown of more than 100 families to maintain a grammar school to teach Latin and Greek. The name of the act was the Massachusetts School Act. In the school day if you misbehaved or if you made a mistake you were whipped. (Even a 99% wasn’t tolerable. ) Standing perfectly straight was enforced, so that meant no slouching! You’d better “blow thy nose with a handkerchief” or be whipped with a birch stick or cane! These rules were because ministers believed that children had natural pride that must be beaten out of them. By the 18th century, 90% of males were literate, and 50-60% of females were also literate. We remember early schooling in Massachusetts because if it wasn’t for colonial schools we wouldn’t have good schooling in Massachusetts today. Sources Colonial America, Vol. 9 Colonial America

20. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. The First College Made in the New World By Leighton P. Harvard College was founded in 1636 by the General Court of Massachusetts. At first the college was not named Harvard. John Harvard changed all that. On September, 14, 1638, John Harvard died leaving his huge library and half of his estate to the new school. Harvard was used to educate many young men and to teach them to read the Bible. Most men came to Harvard to become ministers, but later many also got a degree in literature, arts, and science. It would take you four years to graduate and three extra years if you would like to become a minister. Harvard University is still in use today. It is a major center of research with its huge library and many labs. Several presidents graduated from Harvard including John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. We remember Harvard College because it was the first college in the U.S.A. and it is such a fine university even today. Sources A History of US by Joy Hakim World Book 2003 Volume 9 Academic American Encyclopedia “Massachusetts” by Lydia Bjornlund

21. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. Harvard’s 369th Birthday By Nick F. In 1638, a great college called Harvard started with nine students. It now has about 18,000 and is still going. In the beginning you could be there for four years, or seven if you wanted to become a minister. The week was very long. The only day you got off was Sunday and that day was Sabbath day and you were required to go to church. The other days you got up at 5a.m. and went to chapel at 6 a.m. Breakfast was at 7 a.m. and you went to class at 8 a.m. The classes you could take were classics, philosophy, and religion. You weren’t allowed to leave the school grounds unless you had good reason or permission from your tutor, and you were forbidden to tell a lie, drink alcohol, and even play cards. I think what we remember most about Harvard in 1638 is the great accomplishments it’s made over the last 369 years! Sources: Governing and Teaching Colonial America Vol. 2 Academic American Encyclopedia World Book H-9

22. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts Click on the speaker for audio. Harvard Saved by Harvard By Kyle M. In 1607, John Harvard was born in the borough of Southwark in London, England. John went to the St. Savior's Grammar School in Southwark, where his father was governor. In 1625, his father, a stepsister and two brothers died; his mother and brother remained. At Cambridge University in England, he got his B.A. and M.A. In 1636 he married Anne Sadler. The next year he and his wife sailed to Massachusetts. He became the Puritan minister of the Charlestown church. John liked to read and had a library of 400 volumes. John Harvard died on September 14, 1638. Before he died he gave to Harvard his 400 volume library and 780 pounds sterling. We rememberJohn Harvard because without his will Harvard might not have continued. Sources 2000 World Book, Volume H

23. Remembering Massachusetts Grade Five Crimson Nock Middle School Newburyport, Massachusetts With thanks and appreciation to... Grade 5 Crimson teachers & staff Nock Middle School librarian Nock Middle School parent volunteers Newburyport technology integrator For more information on Remembering Massachusetts contact ebailey@newburyport.k12.ma.us