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The Optically Unbiased GRB Host (TOUGH) sample

The Optically Unbiased GRB Host (TOUGH) sample. TOUGH 1: Survey Design and Catalogues (Hjorth et al.). TOUGH 2: Fundamental Properties (Malesani et al.). TOUGH 3: Redshift Distribution (Jakobsson et al.). TOUGH 4: Ly α Emitters (Milvang-Jensen et al.).

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The Optically Unbiased GRB Host (TOUGH) sample

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  1. The Optically Unbiased GRB Host (TOUGH) sample TOUGH 1: Survey Design and Catalogues (Hjorth et al.) TOUGH 2: Fundamental Properties (Malesani et al.) TOUGH 3: Redshift Distribution (Jakobsson et al.) TOUGH 4: Lyα Emitters (Milvang-Jensen et al.) TOUGH 5: Radio Survey at z < 1 (Michałowski et al.) TOUGH 6: Host Luminosity Function (Schulze et al.) Palli Jakobsson Centre for Astrophysics & Cosmology University of Iceland

  2. The TOUGH Guys Jóhán Fýnbó (Icelandic expert) Jens Hjorth (PI) Daniele Malesani (GCN expert) Thomas Krühler (X-shooter expert) Bo Milvang-Jensen (Eurovision expert) Bob Chapman (Dr. Who expert) Nial Tanvir (world record expert)

  3. 69 Host Galaxies (R-band)

  4. Redshift Distribution Before TOUGH: <z> = 2.39

  5. Redshift Distribution Before TOUGH: <z> = 2.39 TOUGH (FORS): <z> = 2.23

  6. Redshift Distribution Before TOUGH: <z> = 2.39 15 new redshifts TOUGH (FORS): <z> = 2.23 77% (53/69) redshift completion TOUGH (X-shooter): <z> = 2.23 68/69 hosts have a redshift constraint

  7. TOUGH Sample Selection Criteria 1. A Swift-detected GRB with t90 > 2 s. 2. XRT afterglow position distributed within 12 hours. 3. Small foreground Galactic extinction: AV < 0.5 mag. 4. Favorable declination: -70° < δ < 27°. 5. Afterglow error radius < 2”. March 2005 – August 2007: 69 GRBs 75% had an optical/NIR afterglow 55% had a reported redshift (38/69)

  8. Sample Selection: Sky Map Empty circles: without an X-ray afterglow Filled circles: with an X-ray afterglow Crosses: untriggered bursts Blue: short bursts

  9. How Many Hosts Detected (R-band)? R-band detections: 53/69 = 77% K-band detections: 24/60 = 40%

  10. Host Properties -15 > MB > -22 GRB hosts are mostly subluminous In line with previous findings based on smaller and less complete samples

  11. Host Properties Blue colours: <R – K> ~ 3 Only 1/56 ERO Tanvir et al. (2008) Jaunsen et al. (2008) Perley et al. (2009) Levesque et al. (2010) Krühler et al. (2011) Red: no OA Blue: with OA

  12. Redshift Determination (R < 25 mag)

  13. Redshift Determination (z = 1.92) (z = 0.84) (z = 0.84)

  14. Cumulative Redshift Distribution KS: 52% KS: < 1%

  15. SFR Density Histories SFR2 (Model A from Schmidt 2009) SFR1 (Li 2008 modified by Langer & Norman 2006 low-metallicity correction)

  16. Lyα and the Role of Dust

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