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The Building Blocks of Matter: Atoms

+. +. +. The Building Blocks of Matter: Atoms. -. -. -. +. +. +. -. -. +. +. -. -. -. Atomic Theory. The atomic theory is Describes how the atom looks and acts Has changed over time Work in progress

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The Building Blocks of Matter: Atoms

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  1. + + + The Building Blocks of Matter: Atoms - - - + + + - - + + - - -

  2. Atomic Theory • The atomic theory is • Describes how the atom looks and acts • Has changed over time • Work in progress • It has changed over time due to the contributions of different scientists. • Happens often with scientific discoveries due to new • information • technology • evidence

  3. Matter (a review) • Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) • Examples: • A brick has mass and takes up space • A desk has mass and takes up space • A pencil has mass and takes up space • Air has mass and takes up space

  4. Atoms • Atoms are the building blocks of matter • They are the smallest particle you can have of an element that still has the same characteristics and properties of that element

  5. Atoms are so small that… • it would take a stack of about 50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil from your kitchen. • a human hair is about 1 million carbon atoms wide. • a typical human cell contains roughly 1 trillion atoms. • a speck of dust might contain 3x1012 (3 trillion) atoms. • it would take you around 500 years to count the number of atoms in a grain of salt. • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/ .

  6. Atomic Structure • Two main parts to the current model of the atom • NUCLEUS: which is the center part • ELECTRON CLOUD: Which is the outside part • There are THREE main particles that make up an atom

  7. + + + The Atom’s “Center” • Protons and neutrons are grouped together to form the “center” or nucleus of an atom. Notice that the electrons are not a part of the nucleus - - -

  8. - - - + + + + - - + + - + + - - Protons (+) • Positively charged particles • Help make up the nucleus of the atom • Help identify the atom • Equal to the atomic number of the atom • Contribute to the atomic mass • Equal to the number of electrons +

  9. - - - + + + + - - + + - + + - - Neutrons • Neutral particles; have no electric charge • Help make up the nucleus of the atom • Contribute to the atomic mass

  10. - - - + + + + - - + + - + + - - Electrons (-) • Negatively charged particles • Found outside the nucleus of the atom. • Move rapidly around the nucleus in electron clouds (cannot ever pinpoint their exact location) • Mass is insignificant when compared to protons and neutrons • Equal to the number of protons -

  11. Electrons (-) • VALENCE ELECTRONS are electrons in the outermost energy level. • These are important in determining how atoms will react chemically with others

  12. Atomic Charge • Atoms have equal numbers of PROTONS and ELECTRONS • Which means that the overall charge of the atom is NEUTRAL

  13. Atomic Particles • NOTES: 1 amu is equal to: 3.6608612486e-27 pound (0.0000000000000000000000000036608612486 pounds) • Approx. 1800 electrons equal 1 proton • ** the mass of an electron is soooooooo small that we say it is 0, but it still has mass (otherwise it wouldn’t be matter)

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