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Tree Defects & Quality

Tree Defects & Quality. Visible “Tells”. Scaling and Grading. Scaling estimates wood volume after defects that result in loss of wood are removed Grading removes defects that could result in lower wood quality. Volumes.

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Tree Defects & Quality

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  1. Tree Defects & Quality Visible “Tells”

  2. Scaling and Grading Scaling estimates wood volume after defects that result in loss of wood are removed Grading removes defects that could result in lower wood quality

  3. Volumes The volume of a product before defect is removed (sound wood plus unsound wood) is called gross volume. The remaining volume after defect has been removed (sound wood only) is called net volume.

  4. Scaling Method Estimate gross volume Estimate cull deduction and subtract from Gross volume to get Net volume Estimate grade of net volume wood

  5. Defects related to log use Veneer Factory Use (can cut into clear pieces, i.e for furniture) Construction Use Local Use (pallets, posts, etc.) Chips

  6. Types of Defects Bulge Bumps Burls Butt Scar Butt Swell Cankers Galls Lesions Conks Epicormic Branches Flanges Flutes Forks Gum Lesions Holes Knots Limbs Overgrowths Seams Splits Surface Rise Wounds

  7. Defect Deduction Methods Timber Cruising Handbook, Ch. 20, pg. 57 Defects in Hardwood Timber Handbook good reference

  8. Tree Grading

  9. ‘Clear’ Cuttings Example of an F2 grade butt-log.

  10. TREEGRAD

  11. Tree -> Log -> Lumber

  12. Defect Deductions Rot Catface or fire scar (missing wood) Sweep Crook Interior damage

  13. Surface Defects Within slab area = no deduction i.e. Sapsucker Damage for construction grade logs, etc.

  14. Fire Scar • Extend the length affected an additional 2 feet above the last visible indicator. • Pie cut fractions are used to determine deductions. Fractions used as 1/8, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, etc.

  15. Fire Scar and/or Rot

  16. Crook and Sweep

  17. Frost Cracks/Lightning Strikes Use standard pie cut fractions such as 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 for cull deductions Watch for spiral damage

  18. Conks • Different types of conks indicate different fungal infections. Some penetrate deeper than others which effects defect deduction. Must familiarize yourself with those in your area.

  19. Conks/Internal Defects

  20. Shift tally for allow for defects

  21. Shift tally to allow for size

  22. Catface

  23. Internal Defects

  24. Questions?

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