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Understanding the Vertebral Column Anatomy

Explore the detailed structure of the vertebral column including vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx. Learn about spinal curvatures, abnormal spine conditions, and key features of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. Gain insight into the thoracic cage and rib anatomy. Enhance your knowledge of the axial skeleton with this comprehensive guide.

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Understanding the Vertebral Column Anatomy

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  1. Chapter 7, part 3 The Axial Skeleton

  2. SECTION 7-3The Vertebral Column

  3. Vertebral column • Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx • 7 cervical vertebrae • 12 thoracic vertebrae • 5 lumbar vertebrae • Sacrum and coccyx are fused vertebrae

  4. Figure 7.16 The Vertebral Column Figure 7.16

  5. Spinal curvature • Four spinal curves • Primary (accommodation) curves = thoracic and sacral • Secondary (compensation) curves = lumbar and cervical

  6. Figure 7.17 Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine Figure 7.17

  7. Vertebral anatomy • Typically has a body and vertebral arch • Superior and inferior articular processes • Separated by intervertebral discs

  8. Figure 7.18 Vertebral Anatomy Figure 7.18

  9. Vertebral regions • Cervical • Has distinctive shape • Large relative size of vertebral foramen • Costal processes with transverse foramina • Notched spinous processes

  10. Figure 7.19 The Cervical Vertebrae Figure 7.19

  11. Thoracic vertebrae • Heart-shaped body • Long slender spinous processes • Articulations for ribs

  12. Figure 7.20 The Thoracic Vertebrae Figure 7.20a

  13. Figure 7.20 The Thoracic Vertebrae PLAY Animation: Axial Dissections Figure 7.20b, c

  14. Lumbar vertebrae • Most massive • Least mobile • Subjected to great stresses

  15. Figure 7.21 The Lumbar Vertebrae Figure 7.21

  16. Sacrum • Protects reproductive, digestive and urinary organs • Articulates with pelvic girdle and fused elements of coccyx

  17. Figure 7.22 The Sacrum and Coccyx Figure 7.22

  18. Thoracic cage • Thoracic vertebrae • Ribs • Sternum • Ribs and sternum forms the rib cage

  19. Figure 7.23 The Thoracic Cage Figure 7.23a

  20. Figure 7.23 The Thoracic Cage Figure 7.23b

  21. The ribs • Ribs 1-7 are attached to vertebrae • 8-12 are vertebrochondral ribs • 11-12 are floating ribs

  22. Typical rib • Has a head, neck, tubercle and a body • Costal groove marks pathway of blood returning to the heart

  23. The Sternum consists of • Manubrium • Body • Xiphoid process

  24. Figure 7.23 The Thoracic Cage PLAY Animation: Axial Dissections Figure 7.23

  25. You should now be familiar with: • The bones of the axial skeleton and their functions. • The bones of the cranium and face. • The differences between adult, child and infant skulls. • The curvatures of the spinal column. • The vertebral regions and characteristics of each. • The articulations between the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs and sternum.

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