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Chapter 7, part 3

Chapter 7, part 3. The Axial Skeleton. SECTION 7-3 The Vertebral Column. Vertebral column. Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx 7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic vertebrae 5 lumbar vertebrae Sacrum and coccyx are fused vertebrae. Figure 7.16 The Vertebral Column. Figure 7.16. Spinal curvature.

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Chapter 7, part 3

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  1. Chapter 7, part 3 The Axial Skeleton

  2. SECTION 7-3The Vertebral Column

  3. Vertebral column • Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx • 7 cervical vertebrae • 12 thoracic vertebrae • 5 lumbar vertebrae • Sacrum and coccyx are fused vertebrae

  4. Figure 7.16 The Vertebral Column Figure 7.16

  5. Spinal curvature • Four spinal curves • Primary (accommodation) curves = thoracic and sacral • Secondary (compensation) curves = lumbar and cervical

  6. Figure 7.17 Abnormal Curvatures of the Spine Figure 7.17

  7. Vertebral anatomy • Typically has a body and vertebral arch • Superior and inferior articular processes • Separated by intervertebral discs

  8. Figure 7.18 Vertebral Anatomy Figure 7.18

  9. Vertebral regions • Cervical • Has distinctive shape • Large relative size of vertebral foramen • Costal processes with transverse foramina • Notched spinous processes

  10. Figure 7.19 The Cervical Vertebrae Figure 7.19

  11. Thoracic vertebrae • Heart-shaped body • Long slender spinous processes • Articulations for ribs

  12. Figure 7.20 The Thoracic Vertebrae Figure 7.20a

  13. Figure 7.20 The Thoracic Vertebrae PLAY Animation: Axial Dissections Figure 7.20b, c

  14. Lumbar vertebrae • Most massive • Least mobile • Subjected to great stresses

  15. Figure 7.21 The Lumbar Vertebrae Figure 7.21

  16. Sacrum • Protects reproductive, digestive and urinary organs • Articulates with pelvic girdle and fused elements of coccyx

  17. Figure 7.22 The Sacrum and Coccyx Figure 7.22

  18. Thoracic cage • Thoracic vertebrae • Ribs • Sternum • Ribs and sternum forms the rib cage

  19. Figure 7.23 The Thoracic Cage Figure 7.23a

  20. Figure 7.23 The Thoracic Cage Figure 7.23b

  21. The ribs • Ribs 1-7 are attached to vertebrae • 8-12 are vertebrochondral ribs • 11-12 are floating ribs

  22. Typical rib • Has a head, neck, tubercle and a body • Costal groove marks pathway of blood returning to the heart

  23. The Sternum consists of • Manubrium • Body • Xiphoid process

  24. Figure 7.23 The Thoracic Cage PLAY Animation: Axial Dissections Figure 7.23

  25. You should now be familiar with: • The bones of the axial skeleton and their functions. • The bones of the cranium and face. • The differences between adult, child and infant skulls. • The curvatures of the spinal column. • The vertebral regions and characteristics of each. • The articulations between the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs and sternum.

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