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Twin Studies: Investigating Schizophrenia

Learn about the research method of twin studies in schizophrenia, including the difference between MZ and DZ twins, concordance rates, and their usefulness in understanding genetic and environmental factors. Evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and epigenetic factors of twin studies. Gain insights into Elizabeth's concerns about her own health and make recommendations. Explore Gottesmann and Shields' study as an example and respond to the controversy regarding compulsory screening for MZ twins.

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Twin Studies: Investigating Schizophrenia

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  1. Learning Objective: Describe one research method used to research schizophrenia: Twin Studies • I can ... • State the difference between MZ and DZ twins • Why are MZ/DZ twin studies useful (relate to shared genes and shared environments) • Define what is meant by concordance rates • I can ... • Create a step by step plan for a twin study which will investigate the extent to which schizophrenia is a genetic condition (what, when , where, how, why?) I can ... Apply my understanding of twin studies to help Elizabeth to understand whether she should be concerned about her own health on discovery that her twin sister Zara has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.

  2. Describe one research method to study schizophrenia (4) • When an identical twin is diagnosed with schizophrenia the other twin is studied to measure the frequency with which both of them get schizophrenia/eq; • This is compared with the incidence of both of a pair of non-identical twins getting schizophrenia/eq; • This is because while twins reared together will share the same environment only identical twins share the same genes/eq; • Twins are genetically tested to ensure they are identical/eq; • Researchers will use hospital records to identify the first individual of the pair to be diagnosed/eq;

  3. Learning Objective: Evaluate one research method used to research schizophrenia: Twin Studies • I can ... • Give two strengths and two weakness of twin studies • I can ... • Evaluate twin studies with regard to epigenetic factors • Evaluate twin studies using research studies such as Bocklage (1977) • I can ... • Apply my understanding of the weaknesses of twin to help Elizabeth to critically evaluate the evidence base which suggests that she has around a 40% chance of being diagnosed with schizophrenia • Make recommendations to Elizabeth about how to protect herself.

  4. Learning Objective: Describe and evaluate one study as an example of your chosen research method used to research schizophrenia: Twin Studies – Gottesmann and Shields • I can ... • Complete a full GRAVE on Gottesman and Shields • Use Gottesman and Shields in your answer on Zara and Elizabeth • In the light of DSM 5 and the controversy regarding attenuated psychosis syndrome, create a news bulletin that responds to the idea that all MZ twins like Elizabeth should be asked to attend compulsory screening • I can ... • Describe the APFC of Gottesman and Shields(2,6,4,3) • I can ... • Give two strengths and two weaknesses of Gottesman and Shields (2+2)

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