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Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders. Lesson 4. Objectives. Describe the disorder of schizophrenia Describe several theories that try to explain mood disorders. Bell Ringer. Read exploring psychology p.465. Schizophrenia. Difficulty using language
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Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders Lesson 4
Objectives • Describe the disorder of schizophrenia • Describe several theories that try to explain mood disorders
Bell Ringer • Read exploring psychology p.465
Schizophrenia • Difficulty using language • Go from one phrase to another in random association • Don’t remember beginning of sentence so finish in random • Is the most severe and complex psychological disorder
What is schizophrenia? • Affects 1 in 100 worldwide • 1 in 10 within families • Involves confused and disordered thoughts and perceptions • Lose contact with reality • Serious difficulty meeting demands of life
What is schizophrenia? • Many experience delusions • False beliefs maintained in the face of contrary evidence • Hallucinations- perceptions in the absence of corresponding sensation • Hear voice when no sound present • Incoherence- marked decline in thought process
What is schizophrenia? • Emotions may be inappropriate for the circumstances • Deterioration of normal movement- slow • Decline in previous levels of functioning • Dropoff at work • Diverted attention
Types of Schizophrenia • Paranoid type- hallucinations and delusions • Catatonic type- remain motionless for long periods • Disorganized type- incoherent language, inappropriate emotions, hallucinations, and delusions
What is schizophrenia? • Remission type- anyone whose symptoms are not severe enough or are seen as being in remission • Very complex • Long term hospitalization required, sometime institutionalization • No real cure exists
Causes of Schizophrenia • Genetics • But not completely • Studied identical twins and only 42% of the twins had the disease develop in the other twin • Biochemistry • Chemicals may be involved
Causes of Schizophrenia • Deteriorated brain tissue • Shown by CAT and MRI scans • Family Interactions- Freud- blamed family • Do tend to be in families on verge of falling apart • Diathesis-stress hypothesis- inherit predisposition, but placed in environment with stressors
Schizophrenia • Affects more males than females • First signs appear in teenage years
Schizophrenia • April 1997- mass suicide of Marshall Applewhite and 38 followers of Heaven’s Gate cult • Many were identified as schizophrenic
Schizophrenia And Autism • Autistic children do not respond to other people • Child is slow to develop language and communication skills • Autistic children are very limited in their interests and behaviors
Research People With Schizophrenia • John Nash-mathematician and Nobel Prize winner • Lionel Aldridge- defensive end for Green Bay Packers • Peter Green-guitarist for Fleetwood Mac • Syd Barrett-guitarist for Pink Floyd • Vaclav Nijinsky- Russian dancer
Catatonic Schizophrenia • See p. 468
Effects of Diagnosis on Treatment • 1970’s David Rosenhan and seven others became psudopatients at a hospital • Were diagnosed as schizophrenic • After admission, none exhibited any abnormal behaviors • Staff did not recognize them as normal • Many patients knew they didn’t belong
Mood Disorders • Everyone experiences mood swings • Occasional depression is common
Major Depressive Disorder • At least two weeks feeling depressed, sad, anxious, fatigued or agitated • Reduced ability to function and interact with others • Feelings not attributed to bereavement
Major Depressive Disorder • Have 4 other symptoms: problems eating, sleeping, thinking, concentrating, decision making, lack energy, consider suicide, feel worthless or guilty
Postpartum Depression • Relatively common • 3 to 4 weeks after birth of a child • Usually attributed to wide hormonal swings • These episodes increase the risk for developing other types of depressive disorders
Research People With Depressive Disorders • Vincent Van Gogh • Robert Schumann • Hector Berlioz • William Styron • Gustav Mahler
Films dealing with mental illness • Blue Sky (1994) • A Fine Madness (1966) • Mr. Jones (1991) • The Snake Pit (1947) • Awakenings (1990) • Possessed (1947) Bipolar Schizophrenia
Bipolar Disorder • People are excessively happy or unhappy • Manic phase- up phase • Read excerpt p. 471 • Depressive- low phase • Caused by a chemical imbalance
Seasonal Affective Disorder • People who develop a deep depression in the winter • Believe hormone melatonin plays a role • Higher levels in their blood • Many treated by sitting under bright fluorescent lights
Explaining Mood Disorders • Aaron Beck and Martin Seligman • Beck- depressed people draw illogical conclusions about themselves • Blame themselves for normal problems • Minor failure is a catastrophe • Seligman- Learned helplessness • No control over their life so it’s useless to try
Explaining Mood Disorders • Think neurotransmitters may play a role • Serotonin • noradrenaline
Explaining Mood Disorders • After adolescence, women are twice as likely to experience depression • Hormonal changes • More women report their depression and seek help • Men try and distract themselves during depression so not to think about feelings.
Suicide and Depression • Escape physical or emotional pain • End the torment of unacceptable feelings • Punish themselves for wrongs they committed • Punish other who have not perceived their needs
Suicide and Depression • Each year 32,000 Americans end their lives • 1 every 16 minutes • More women than men attempt suicide • Men are more successful • Common among college students
Suicide and Depression • People who threaten suicide or make an unsuccessful attempt are usually serious • 70% threaten to do so within 3 months preceding their death • Unsuccessful attempt is often a trial run • All threats MUST be taken seriously
Suicide • Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem.