Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders

1. Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders Lesson 4

2. Objectives • Describe the disorder of schizophrenia • Describe several theories that try to explain mood disorders

3. Bell Ringer • Read exploring psychology p.465

4. Schizophrenia • Difficulty using language • Go from one phrase to another in random association • Don’t remember beginning of sentence so finish in random • Is the most severe and complex psychological disorder

5. What is schizophrenia? • Affects 1 in 100 worldwide • 1 in 10 within families • Involves confused and disordered thoughts and perceptions • Lose contact with reality • Serious difficulty meeting demands of life

6. What is schizophrenia? • Many experience delusions • False beliefs maintained in the face of contrary evidence • Hallucinations- perceptions in the absence of corresponding sensation • Hear voice when no sound present • Incoherence- marked decline in thought process

7. What is schizophrenia? • Emotions may be inappropriate for the circumstances • Deterioration of normal movement- slow • Decline in previous levels of functioning • Dropoff at work • Diverted attention

8. Types of Schizophrenia • Paranoid type- hallucinations and delusions • Catatonic type- remain motionless for long periods • Disorganized type- incoherent language, inappropriate emotions, hallucinations, and delusions

9. What is schizophrenia? • Remission type- anyone whose symptoms are not severe enough or are seen as being in remission • Very complex • Long term hospitalization required, sometime institutionalization • No real cure exists

10. Causes of Schizophrenia • Genetics • But not completely • Studied identical twins and only 42% of the twins had the disease develop in the other twin • Biochemistry • Chemicals may be involved

11. Causes of Schizophrenia • Deteriorated brain tissue • Shown by CAT and MRI scans • Family Interactions- Freud- blamed family • Do tend to be in families on verge of falling apart • Diathesis-stress hypothesis- inherit predisposition, but placed in environment with stressors

12. Schizophrenia • Affects more males than females • First signs appear in teenage years

13. Schizophrenia • April 1997- mass suicide of Marshall Applewhite and 38 followers of Heaven’s Gate cult • Many were identified as schizophrenic

14. Schizophrenia And Autism • Autistic children do not respond to other people • Child is slow to develop language and communication skills • Autistic children are very limited in their interests and behaviors

15. Research People With Schizophrenia • John Nash-mathematician and Nobel Prize winner • Lionel Aldridge- defensive end for Green Bay Packers • Peter Green-guitarist for Fleetwood Mac • Syd Barrett-guitarist for Pink Floyd • Vaclav Nijinsky- Russian dancer

16. Catatonic Schizophrenia • See p. 468

17. Effects of Diagnosis on Treatment • 1970’s David Rosenhan and seven others became psudopatients at a hospital • Were diagnosed as schizophrenic • After admission, none exhibited any abnormal behaviors • Staff did not recognize them as normal • Many patients knew they didn’t belong

18. Mood Disorders • Everyone experiences mood swings • Occasional depression is common

19. Major Depressive Disorder • At least two weeks feeling depressed, sad, anxious, fatigued or agitated • Reduced ability to function and interact with others • Feelings not attributed to bereavement

20. Major Depressive Disorder • Have 4 other symptoms: problems eating, sleeping, thinking, concentrating, decision making, lack energy, consider suicide, feel worthless or guilty

21. Postpartum Depression • Relatively common • 3 to 4 weeks after birth of a child • Usually attributed to wide hormonal swings • These episodes increase the risk for developing other types of depressive disorders

22. Research People With Depressive Disorders • Vincent Van Gogh • Robert Schumann • Hector Berlioz • William Styron • Gustav Mahler

23. Films dealing with mental illness • Blue Sky (1994) • A Fine Madness (1966) • Mr. Jones (1991) • The Snake Pit (1947) • Awakenings (1990) • Possessed (1947) Bipolar Schizophrenia

24. Bipolar Disorder • People are excessively happy or unhappy • Manic phase- up phase • Read excerpt p. 471 • Depressive- low phase • Caused by a chemical imbalance

25. Seasonal Affective Disorder • People who develop a deep depression in the winter • Believe hormone melatonin plays a role • Higher levels in their blood • Many treated by sitting under bright fluorescent lights

26. Explaining Mood Disorders • Aaron Beck and Martin Seligman • Beck- depressed people draw illogical conclusions about themselves • Blame themselves for normal problems • Minor failure is a catastrophe • Seligman- Learned helplessness • No control over their life so it’s useless to try

27. Explaining Mood Disorders

28. Explaining Mood Disorders • Think neurotransmitters may play a role • Serotonin • noradrenaline

29. Explaining Mood Disorders • After adolescence, women are twice as likely to experience depression • Hormonal changes • More women report their depression and seek help • Men try and distract themselves during depression so not to think about feelings.

30. Suicide and Depression • Escape physical or emotional pain • End the torment of unacceptable feelings • Punish themselves for wrongs they committed • Punish other who have not perceived their needs

31. Suicide and Depression • Each year 32,000 Americans end their lives • 1 every 16 minutes • More women than men attempt suicide • Men are more successful • Common among college students

32. Suicide and Depression • People who threaten suicide or make an unsuccessful attempt are usually serious • 70% threaten to do so within 3 months preceding their death • Unsuccessful attempt is often a trial run • All threats MUST be taken seriously

33. Suicide • Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem.