FROM AACR2 to RDA

1. FROM AACR2 to RDA (and a few things in between) The history and context of RDA development This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/ Jenny Stephens, National Library of Australia, October 2010

2. Overview • From AACR2 to RDA, Part I: History and Context • FRBR/FRAD • From AACR2 to RDA, Part II: Structure

3. Overview TODAY - • History of RDA Development • International context

4. 1978

5. History of RDA Why replace AACR2? • International Conference 1997 • Analysis of underlying structure of AACR2 • Intellectual Content vs. Physical format • Too much to just “amend” AACR2

6. History of RDA AACR3? 2004 proposal for AACR3: • Extensive revision of Part I of AACR2 • Alignment with FRBR • Addition of a third section for authority control • Constraints of working within existing AACR structure BUT

7. History of RDA 2005 – new standard • Built on the foundations of AACR2 BUT • New structure and new emphasis • Designed for the digital world • Adaptable and flexible for the future RDA

8. History of RDA RDA • Three parts: • Resource description • Provision of Access points • Formulation of data used for authority control • Focused on user tasks • Independent of presentation/encoding standards • More user-friendly wording, layout and formatting

9. International Context

10. Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data FRBR/FRAD Growth of shared cataloguing Lower level cataloguing Catalogues not meeting user needs 1990- IFLA commissioned a study to define the functional requirements of bibliographic records in relation to the variety of user needs and the variety of media [Source: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010]

11. Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • 1992- Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) Study Group established • 1998- FRBR conceptual model published • FRBR Review Group – reviews FRBR on an ongoing basis, revising when needed [Source: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010] FRBR/FRAD

12. Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data FRBR/FRAD • Functional Requirements for Authority Data • 1999- working group formed • 2009- FRAD conceptual model published • Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data • 2005- working group formed • 2010- published [Source: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010]

13. Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data Conceptual models • Identify & define the things that are important - entities • Identify & define the attributes that characterise the entities • Identify & define significant relationships between entities [Source: RDA : Resource description and access, Deirdre Kiorgaard. RDA information session for QUT students, August 31, 2010] FRBR/FRAD

14. Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data FRBR/FRAD • Define bibliographic entities • resources, people, families, corporate bodies, and subjects • List their attributes • Identify the relationships between the entities • Map to user tasks [Source: Adapted from: What you need to know about FRBR and FRAD when reading RDA, Pat Riva, May 2009]

15. Functional requirements for Bibliographic and Authority Data FRBR/FRAD • are not cataloguing rules • are not system models • do not prescribe how they might be implemented [Source: Adapted from Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010]

16. FRBR and RDA FRBR/FRAD • RDA uses FRBR and FRAD concepts, terms and user tasks • RDA content and organisation reflect FRBR and FRAD • Attributes • Relationships [Source: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), Catherine Argus, 2010]

17. International Cataloguing Principles Paris Principles 1961 • Achieved international standardisation • Used as the basis of most cataloguing standards • BUT • Covered only textual works • Focused on choice and form of entries

18. International Cataloguing Principles 2009 International Cataloguing Principles • All types of materials • All aspects of bibliographic and authority data • Built on FRBR Model

19. International Cataloguing Principles 2009 International Cataloguing Principles • Principles: • Convenience of users • Common usage • Representation • Accuracy • Sufficiency and necessity • Significance

20. International Cataloguing Principles 2009 International Cataloguing Principles • Principles (continued): • Economy • Consistency and standardisation • Integration

21. International Standard Bibliographic Description (1971) • Aims • Promotion of uniform bibliographic description • Facilitates shared cataloguing • Determined • Required data elements • Sequence of elements • Prescribed punctuation • Multiple ISBDs for different formats ISBD

22. International Standard Bibliographic Description (2007) • Aims unchanged • Single consolidated ISBD that is format neutral • Conformed to FRBR data elements ISBD But

23. Developed and maintained by cultural and computer science sectors Metadata standards Standard developed by Publishing industry ONIX

24. Machine Readable Code for catalogue data • Based on layout of card catalogue MARC • Still the most widely used encoding standard in library systems. • Developed beyond boundaries of AACR2

25. Next steps When do we start using RDA? • 2010 • Published June 2010 • Free public trial of Toolkit until end August • Subscriptions available from September • US National Testing, 2nd half 2010

26. Next steps When do we start using RDA? • 2011 • Analysis of test results by US, 1st half 2011 • Release of report on test, mid 2011 • International response to report 2nd half 2011

27. Next steps When do we start using RDA? • 2011-2012 • Training – begin mid-2012 • International implementation, TBC but likely 1st half 2012

28. Next steps At the National Library of Australia • Develop and provide training • Policies • System changes • Update documentation

29. Sources International Federation of Library Associations www.ifla.org Joint Steering Committee for the Development of RDA www.rda-jsc.org Dublin Core Metadata Initiative http://dublincore.org/ Editeur http://www.editeur.org/

30. Sources Oliver, Chris, Introducing RDA : a guide to the basics (London, Facet Publishing, 2010) Argus, Catherine, Functional Requirements for Bibliographic records (FRBR), Functional requirements for Authority Data (FRAD). [Powerpoint presentation, 2010] Kiorgaard, Deirdre, RDA : Resource description and access, [RDA information session for QUT students, August 31, 2010]

31. Sources ACOC Website http://www.nla.gov.au/lis/stndrds/grps/acoc/rda.html

32. Acronyms

33. Questions?