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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. 7 th Grade Health. Basic Bone Information. How many bones are there in the adult human body? 206 Newborns have about 350 Why do they have more? Their bones fuse together as they get older Types of Bones Long Femur, Humerus Short Carpals Irregular Vertebrae Flat

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System 7th Grade Health

  2. Basic Bone Information • How many bones are there in the adult human body? • 206 • Newborns have about 350 Why do they have more? • Their bones fuse together as they get older • Types of Bones • Long • Femur, Humerus • Short • Carpals • Irregular • Vertebrae • Flat • Pelvis, Patella

  3. Basic Bone Information • What is the largest bone in the body? • Femur which accounts for ¼ of your height • What is the smallest? • Stirrup Bone • Located in middle ear and is approximately a tenth of an inch big

  4. Functions of the Skeletal System • Support • Without bones you would be a giant blob on the ground • Movement • Muscles are connected to bones through TENDONS • Protection • Encases and Protects Vital Organs • What are some organs it protects? • Produce Red Blood Cells • Calcium Storage

  5. Parts of the Bone • Periosteum • Outer most layer of the bone • Tissue laced with vessels and nerves • Responsible for GROWTH and REPAIR • Compact Bone • Thick mineral material that surrounds the canals/cavities in bone • Cartilage • Softer bone tissue that provides cushioning for bones (shock absorber) • Material that most babies bones are made of • Over time it hardens into solid bone

  6. Parts of the Bone • Bone Marrow Cavity • Hollow part of bone where your bone marrow is stored • Spongy Bone • Part of bone that has spaces between them • Just as strong as compact bone but lighter • Stores Red Marrow (where Red Blood Cells are produced)

  7. Bone Breakdown • Skull (Cranium) • 29 Bones (8 that cover brain) • Vertebrae • 26 • Ribs • 24 and sternum • Upper Limb • 30 each side • Lower Limbs • 30 each side

  8. Common Name Skull Jaw Neck Collar Shoulder Breast Plate Funny Bone Forearm (thumb) Forearm (pinky) Wrist Hand Fingers Ribs Medical Name Cranium Mandible Cervical Vertebrae Clavicle Scapula Sternum Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Ribs Common vs. Medical Terms

  9. Common Spine Middle Back Lower Back Tailbone Hips Thigh Knee Cap Shin Calf Ankle Foot Toes Medical Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Sacrum Pelvis Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsal Metatarsal Phalanges Common vs. Medical Terms

  10. Time to build our skeleton friend

  11. Injuries to Skeletal System • Fractures • Greenstick • A break in which the bone splinters and does not completely break • Occurs mainly in children and adolescents • Why? • Complete • Simple: happens when there is a complete break in the bone • Compound: happens when there is a complete break in the bone and the bone breaks the skin

  12. Injuries Continued • Dislocations • Occurs at Joints: • Joints: a place where two bones meet • When two bones that are connected move out of place • Ex. • Shoulder Dislocation • When the head of the humerus moves out of the glenoid cavity of the scapula

  13. Diseases of the Skeletal System • Scoliosis • Sideways curvature of the spine • Treatment • Observation • Physical Therapy (helps strengthen the muscles around the spine) • Brace • Surgery • Osteoarthritis (arthritis) • Breakdown of cartilage that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in joints • Caused by wear and tear of joints • Prevention • Move joints through pain free range of motion daily • Do not overwork sore joints • Weight management • Treatment • Exercise (flexibility, strength training, aerobic) • Diet • Medication • Rest

  14. Diseases of the Skeletal System • Osteoporosis: • Thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time • Occurs when body fails to make enough new bone or old bone is reabsorbed through the body • Most common bone disease (estimated 10 million Americans) • Help prevent by • Calcium • Over 50 years old (especially females) should take extra vitamins to help prevent

  15. Caring for our bones • CALCIUM • Found in dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt • Green vegetables • Avoid excess protein and sodium (salt) • EXERCISE • Weight bearing and aerobic • Change up the exercise so your body does not get into a routine • BRUSH YOUR TEETH • BE CAREFUL • The more risks you take and the more damage you do to your bones, the weaker they will become as you get older

  16. The Real Deal on Cracking Your Knuckles • What's really happening when you "crack" your knuckles is that you are either pushing the joint back into or out of its normal position. • Joints are the meeting points of two separate bones which are held together by connecting tissues and ligaments. • A thick, clear lubricant (made mostly of carbon dioxide and some nitrogen) called synovial fluid is found between the bones. • When you stretch or pull your finger to get that desired popping noise, you are causing the bones to pull apart. • Pressure is reduced on the synovial fluid and bubbles form that quickly expand and then burst - which is why you get that noise.

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