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Enhancing Chemical Reaction Rates: Factors and Catalysts

Learn about the impact of temperature, concentration, particle size, and catalysts on reaction rates, with details on activation energy, inhibitors, and the role of heterogeneous catalysts. Explore how catalysts speed up reactions without being consumed and the influence of surface area on reactions.

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Enhancing Chemical Reaction Rates: Factors and Catalysts

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  1. Rates of Chemical Reactions Chapter 6

  2. Things that Affect Rate • Temperature • Higher temperature faster particles. • More and harder collisions. • Faster Reactions. • Concentration • More concentrated closer together the molecules. • Collide more often. • Faster reaction.

  3. Things that Affect Rate • Particle size • Molecules can only collide at the surface. • Smaller particles bigger surface area. • Smaller particles faster reaction. • Smallest possible is molecules or ions. • Dissolving speeds up reactions. • Getting two solids to react with each other is slow.

  4. Things that Affect Rate • Catalysts- substances that speed up a reaction without being used up.(enzyme). • Speeds up reaction by giving the reaction a new path. • The new path has a lower activation energy. • More molecules have this energy. • The reaction goes faster. • Inhibitor- a substance that blocks a catalyst.

  5. AP enrichment

  6. AP enrichment

  7. AP enrichment

  8. H2 + O2 H2O Reactants Energy Products Reaction coordinate

  9. Activation Energy - Minimum energy to make the reaction happen Reactants Energy Products Reaction coordinate

  10. Activated Complex or Transition State Reactants Energy Products Reaction coordinate

  11. Reactants Energy Overall energy change- ∆H Products Reaction coordinate

  12. H H H H H H H H Catalysts- heterogeneous gas and solid • Hydrogen bonds to surface of metal. • Break H-H bonds Pt surface

  13. H H C C H H H H H H Catalysts Pt surface

  14. H H H H C C H H H H Catalysts • The double bond breaks and bonds to the catalyst. Pt surface

  15. H H H H C C H H H H Catalysts • The hydrogen atoms bond with the carbon Pt surface

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