Hyper-V Management

1. Hyper-V Management Symon Perriman Jeff Woolsey Technical Evangelist Principal Program Manager

2. Introduction to Hyper-V Jump Start

3. Agenda • Management options • Hyper-V Manager • Moving to Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V • Creating virtual machines • Resource pools • Operating system support • Cloning virtual machines • Management tools • Hyper-V snapshots • Windows PowerShell • Security • RemoteFX

4. Numerous Management Options System Center 2012 - VirtualMachine Manager System Center 2012 -Operations Manager System Center 2012 - App Controller System Center 2012 - Configuration Manager System Center 2012 - Data Protection Manager System Center 2012 - Orchestrator Hyper-V Manager Command Line WMI Failover Cluster Manager Windows PowerShell RSAT Integrated Tool Experience

5. Hyper-V Manager

6. Hyper-V Manager Hyper-V Manager Console Hyper-V VM settings

7. Overview of Hyper-V Settings Hyper-V server actions Listing of virtual machines Hyper-V servers Snapshots Virtual machine actions Details of selected VM

8. Overview of Server Settings Default folder locations Keyboard actions User settings

9. VM Connection Application Used to manage local or remote virtual machines Installed with Hyper-V or RSAT Uses RDP on port 2179 Uses the mstsc.exe Active-X control Requires port 2179 open on Windows Firewall

10. Moving to Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V

11. Moving VMs to a Windows Server 2012 Host Export / Import Export VMs that are not running (Export-VM) Saves snapshots, VHDs, VMs, config XML Import VMs (Import-VM) Move VM (keeps same unique ID) (Move-VM) Copy VM (creates new unique ID) Duplicate VM (allows for multiple new VMs) Backup / Restore Varies based on backup provider Migration Server migration tools

12. Creating Virtual Machines

13. Creating Virtual Machines Name Location Memory Network Virtual hard disk Operating system New-VM, New-VHD, New-VMSwitch

14. Virtual Machine Installation Methods Install using CD/DVD Install from an .ISO Install from a boot floppy

15. Dynamic Memory Hyper-V memory enhancement introduced in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 Higher VM consolidation ratios on same hardware with minimal performance impact Memory is pooled and dynamically distributed across VMs to allow it to easily grow or shrink with no service interruption Active Memory addition Memory is added immediately when VM needs it Passive Memory reclamation Unutilized memory is collected every 5 minutes

16. Dynamic Memory Supports both server and desktop VM Guests are enlightened Guest Integration Components installed Must be updated to 2012 Memory is added and removed via synthetic memory driver (memory VSC) support Can be done while the VM is running

17. Dynamic Memory Settings Startup RAM: Memory needed to boot VM Guest OS + Apps Default: 512 MB Maximum RAM: Memory limit for the VM Default: 1TB Memory Buffer: Free memory to try to maintain in the VM Enables responsiveness for workload bursts Allows use for file cache Memory Priority: Order in which VMs are allocated memory Range: Low – High Default: mid-range

18. Root Memory Reserve Root memory reserve is kept for the parent partition Host reserve amount is automatically calculated based on SLAT capability, total size of host RAM, NUMA architecture New registry key override added Allows you to reserve static memory for the parent partition May result in less memory being available for VMs Dynamic Memory allows VMs to push up against the reserve consistently New behavior better protects parent partition from VMs taking too much memory Host Reserve VM Overhead Memory utilized by VMs VM Reserve

19. Operating System Support

20. Supported Guest Operating Systems Windows Server 2012, 2008 R2, 2008, 2003 R2 Windows Home Server 2011, Small Business Server 2011, MultiPoint Server Windows 8, Windows 7 , Vista, XP SP2+ Ubuntu 12.04, CentOS 5.7+, Redhat 5.7+ and SUSE Linux Server 11 SP2, Open SUSE 12.1 Other operating systems no longer supported by Microsoft may still work, but are not officially supported Current list: http://technet.microsoft.com/library/hh831531.aspx

21. Linux on Hyper-V Linux workloads can be consolidated into VMs running on to a Microsoft hypervisor at no cost Supported Linux guest operating systems: Ubuntu 12.04, CentOS 5.7+, Redhat 5.7+ and SUSE Linux Server 11 SP2, Open SUSE 12.1 Hyper-V hosted Linux VMs can leverage high-end enterprise features: High Availability Live Migration, Shared Nothing Live Migration VM Replication with Hyper-V Replica Linux VMs can be managed centrally from System Center 2012 – Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) VM scale improvements (CPU, memory, disk, etc.)

22. Hyper-V Integration Services Integration Components (ICs) make a guest OS aware that it is running in a VM Many ICs come pre-installed with Hyper-V on a simulated “Setup Disk” which can be installed from the Action menu Integration service settings managed from the VM settings

23. Cloning Virtual Machines

24. Cloning Domain Controllers Windows Server 2012 Hyper-V supports VM-GenerationID Can clone a DC Must be running Windows Server 2012 PDC Emulator role holder must be online and available and running Windows Server 2012 Must be a member of the CloneableDomain Controllers group in AD Uses New-ADDCCloneConfigcmdlet in Windows PowerShell

25. Management Tools

26. Failover Cluster Manager Integrated with Hyper-V Deploy, configure, manage and connect to VMs from this interface Launch Hyper-V wizards Supports 8000 VMs per cluster Manage clustered VMs using Failover Cluster Manager or System Center 2012 – Virtual Machine Manager Move-ClusterVirtualMachine Update-ClusterVirtualMachineConfiguration Add-ClusterVirtualMachineRole

27. Windows PowerShell Server Core, Hyper-V Server 2012 & RSAT Remoting support Hyper-V integration Also supports failover clustering and Virtual Machine Manager

28. Windows Management Instrumentation WMI API Native WMI scripting Community Windows PowerShell Library VMM 2012 Windows PowerShell Library Useful when VMM server not available Use WMIC (WMI Command Line) to access Hyper-V Also supports failover clustering and Virtual Machine Manager

29. Remote Server Administration Tools RSAT allows server management on client Connect to hosts Free download http://www.microsoft.com/en-au/download/details.aspx?id=28972 Must enable feature on client Select Role Administration Tools Select Hyper-V Tools

30. Remote Desktop Connection Manager Remote desktop connection management at scale Connect to hosts or VMs Runs on server & client Free download http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=21101

31. Remote Connections Remote Desktop Protocol Launch MSTSC(.exe) Connect to Hosts or VMs Hyper-V Manager Right-click Hyper-V Manager Click Connect to Server Connect to hosts Similar experience with RSAT

32. Virtual Machine Manager Centralized virtual machine deployment and management for Hyper-V, Virtual Server, failover clusters, and VMware ESX servers Rapid provisioning of new and virtual machines with templates Centralized library of infrastructure components Allow for delegated management and access of VMs

33. Hyper-V Snapshots

34. Hyper-V VM Snapshots Snapshots A point-in-time copy of a virtual machine Do not affect the running state of a virtual machine Snapshot any guest OS VM can be running, off, stopped or saved, but not paused In VMM, snapshots are called checkpoints Snapshot files VM configuration .XML file (*.xml) Save state files (*.vsv) VM memory contents (*.bin) Snapshot differencing disk (*.avhd) In Windows Server 2012, when a snapshot is deleted, the .avhd files are deleted without needing to shut down the VM Checkpoint-VM, Export-VMSnapshot, Get-VMSnapshot, Rename-VMSnapshot, Remove-VMSnapshot

35. Snapshot Workflow Pause the VM Create differencing disk for VHD Make a copy of the VM configuration file Resume the VM Save contents of the VM to disk

36. Snapshot Design Considerations Can now be used in production environments 2012 has support for snapshot restoration of domain controllers – but everything has to be 2012 Should be used in testing and training environments May consume a significant amount of hard disk space Can have unexpected results when deleted Cannot be used with pass-through disks Configure storage location before taking first snapshot

37. Managing Hyper-V Snapshots Create snapshot Apply – Erases current state but prompts to take a new snapshot Revert – Returns VM to last snapshot Delete – Will not impact other snapshots Deleting subtree removes all down-level snapshots Merging – Deleting current snapshot will merge with parent Settings – Can only update name & notes Rename Export

38. Windows PowerShell

39. Common Windows PowerShell Cmdlets

40. Security

41. Keep the Parent Simple Use server core Really Less code Fewer patches Less third party code Less temptation to install other applications / workloads Keep the parent for Hyper-V only Don’t install other roles Don’t install third-party programs Don’t browse the web

42. Keep the Parent Up-to-date Simple. Obvious. Important. Microsoft provides numerous options: Windows Update Built-in to Windows & Windows Server Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) Built-in to Windows Server System Center Configuration Manager Centralized management for wide ranging systems, devices and endpoints

43. Delegate Administration Parent Administrator = Power over everything Parent Administrator not needed for virtualization administration Can be done with in-box tools or with SCVMM

44. Keep Guests Up-to-date Simple. Obvious. Important. Microsoft provides numerous options: Windows Update Built-in to Windows & Windows Server Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) Built-in to Windows Server System Center Configuration Manager Centralized management for wide ranging systems, devices and endpoints

45. Windows Server Compliance Manager Hyper-V support built-in Provides centralized security baseline management features Help you plan, deploy, operate and manage security baselines Free Download http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg236605.aspx

46. Backup and Restore with Windows Server Backup Uses Volume Shadow Service WSB is volume-based backup Must backup all volumes hosting VM files Online backup, unless Integration Services not installed OS does not support VSS Dynamic Disks WSB now has support for VMs on Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV)

47. Resource Metering Allows organizations to chargeback usage to business units or external customers with historical data Uses Windows PowerShell cmdlets or WMI calls Measurements available: Average CPU usage Average physical memory usage Minimum/Maximum memory usage Maximum amount of disk space allocated to a virtual machine Total incoming/outgoing network traffic for a virtual network adapter

48. RemoteFX

49. RemoteFX Hardware/Software GPU Adaptive graphics Support for WAN connections Support for Multi-Touch USB redirection Media remoting 53

50. Takeaways • There are numerous management for Hyper-V including server tools, client tools, scripting and remote management • Use Failover Cluster Manager when working with clustered VMs • Use System Center 2012 - Virtual Machine Manager when working with a large number of VMs