The Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) Program

1. The Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) Program National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center

2. The AMLR team, 2010 The AMLR team is a group of scientists dedicated to preserving natural resources in Antarctica for future generations.

3. The History of the AMLR Program • The long history of mostly unregulated harvesting activities in Antarctic waters has already contributed to the over exploitation of Antarctic fish and marine mammal stocks.   • Exploitation began in the early 1800’s with Antarctic fur seals and southern elephant  seals; both were driven to near extinction by the turn of the century.  

4. Established in 1982 in response to concerns that increasing krill fishing activities could have a deleterious impact on the Southern Ocean ecosystem, the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is an international treaty between 25 nations that seeks to manage Antarctic fisheries with the goal of preserving species diversity and stability of the entire Antarctic marine ecosystem.

5. Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba The Antarctic ecosystem • AMLR scientists study a tiny but important organism called krill, which is an important part of the diet of fish, penguins, whales, seals, and many other animals. • If people take too much krill from the oceans, there won’t be any left to feed other animals.

6. How is krill used? • People use krill to make nutritional supplements, especially Omega-3 Fatty Acids. • Krill are used as feed in fish farms, and as bait in sports fishing. • People eat krill in Russia and Japan. In Japan it is called okiami. Photo: http://www.nature4less.com

8. Can you guess why these penguin colonies have a pink color? (Hint…)

9. For our penguin experts:What are the three species of penguin pictured here?

10. Answers: Chinstrap Gentoo Adèlie

11. Where do AMLR scientists go? • The AMLR study area is near the northern tip of the Antarctic peninsula. • Gentoo penguins, chinstrap penguins and Adèlie penguins are common here. • Emperor penguins are found closer to the South Pole. Map: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antarctica.svg

12. This biologist is looking through seal poop (scat) for tiny fish bones called otoliths. Otoliths are clues to what kind of fish the seal ate, and how big the fish were. Why do you think this is important?

13. Whether working on the ship… …or working at the field camps

14. AMLR scientists get to witness exciting moments….

15. ..and have adventures in the cold

16. AMLR scientists study animals of all sizes, from tiny to HUGE!

17. The Copacabana field station, where scientists study penguins and other birds

18. A rare glimpse of the ocean floor in Antarctica, taken with a special underwater camera designed by AMLR scientists.

19. The end. Bye!