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Marine Resources

Marine Resources. Tuesday 25 th June 2013. MMR VISION. To work in partnership with communities, businesses and other agencies to: provide long-term benefits for the people of the Cook Islands sustain and develop the use of marine resources. Inshore Fisheries & Aquaculture.

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Marine Resources

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  1. Marine Resources Tuesday 25th June 2013

  2. MMR VISION • To work in partnership with communities, businesses and other agencies to: • provide long-term benefits for the people of the Cook Islands • sustain and develop the use of marine resources

  3. Inshore Fisheries & Aquaculture

  4. Inshore & Aquaculture Division • Improve income generating opportunities for private sector particularly in the Outer Islands through increased technical and scientific assistance • Ensure sustainable fishing and conservation practises resulting in long term food security

  5. Food security

  6. Local catches – creel surveys Inshore fisheries • 300 – 500 mt/yr • 1/3rd sold ($9/kg) 133t, 2/3rd subsistence 267t Nearshore and FAD (trolling/longline) • 50 - 80t/yr • 1/3rd sold ($8/kg), 2/3rd subsistence Freshwater • Eels, shrimp, tilapia 5t Domestic Long-liners • Estimated at 120t

  7. Household 2006 – imported seafood

  8. Fish consumption per capita High levels of fish consumption • 219 kg/yr, Penrhyn, (Passfield 1997) • 63 kg/yr, Cook Is, (Preston 2000) • 47 kg/yr, Cook Is, (MMR 2000) • 35 kg/yr, Cook Is, (SPC, 2008) • 61 kg/yr rural, 25 kg/yr urban WHO recommend 35 kg/yr/capita • According to SPC (2008) the Cook Islands is below the recommended levels 25 kg/yr (urban) • High levels of NCD’s, diabetes World average 16.5 kg

  9. Subsistence fishing • Mangaia – Subsistence fishing • 92% engaged in fishing • 309 fishers, 148 women, 161 men • 1/3rd exclusive men finfish, 1/3rd exclusive women invertebrates, 1/3rd both • Rarotonga - Subsistence fishing • 44% households engaged • Include sport fishers, motorized boats • Half (155) = men, exclusive finfish • Quarter (69) = women, exclusive invertebrate

  10. Trends fishing • Coastal subsistence is declining • 858t, $3.05 mill, late 80’s (Dalzell, 1996) • 795t, $2 mill, 2000 (MMR 2001) • 267t, $1.7 mill, mid 00’s (Gillett, 2009) • - Loss of seafood nutrition, loss of culture • Decline in seafood consumption on Rarotonga 1990’s onwards due to ciguatera poisoning • 116 kg/yr, 1989, (MMR 2001) • 99 kg/yr, 2001, (MMR 2001) • 64 kg/yr, 2006, (Moore 2006) • Led to… • 2000’s onwards – a switch to pelagic fish (domestic longline vessels) • 40-50% tuna estimated to be supplied by domestic and foreign longline vessels • 120-150t, whole fish, 2007 (MMR 2008) • Note Palmeston 18t, $12/kg, 2007

  11. Ra’ui Name:Edgewater Resort Total Area: Dates: Implemented:2009 Lift Period(s): Survey/Reports: Current Status: Open

  12. Rau’i

  13. Other protected marine areas • Takutea – Marine Sanctuary • Penrhyn & Manihiki – giant clam export moratorium • Manihiki – pearl shell reserve • Pukapuka – traditional rau’i for land and sea (annual) • Mauke – reef marine reserve

  14. Proposed Rau’i regulations Declaration • Declared by Aronga Mana, after consultation • Protocol - date, duration, area description, species, fishing practices etc • MMR will register the rau’i (i.e. management plan) Public awareness • Signage and public awareness programs Wardens • Aronga Mana nominate Tiakiraui • MMR train and equip (Tiakirau’i) • MMR compliance unit and Police will also monitor and survey • On-spot fines possible, otherwise can elect judicial processes Maintenance • Sites for education, research, and trials

  15. Potential developments • Sea cucumber • Assessments(printing) • Lollyfish (Rori toto), Matu rori • Rori Puakatoro & Rori matie

  16. Trochus - Regionally recognised as the best managed resources • Clams for ornamental market • AMRC • Bonefish ecotourism • Aitutaki Bone

  17. Fish aggregating devices (FADs)

  18. Coastal, FAD and game-fishing catches Yellow-fin Tuna

  19. Offshore fisheries

  20. Offshore Division Expanded income earning opportunities from sustainably managed offshore fisheries, through capacity building, and infrastructure and market development

  21. Regional Fisheries Management Organizations

  22. Fishing Effort

  23. 3 to 5 YEAR TARGETS SKIPJACK BIG EYE • TARGETS • $5-7 Mill/yr • Diversify economy • 20 t/wk fish export • Leveraged benefits • Onshore • Shipping • Fuel ALBACORE YELLOW-FIN (&ALB) SWORDFISH

  24. Albacore Long-line Fishery Penrhyn 1,000 km Albacore Tuna Rarotonga

  25. Big-eye Tuna Long-line Fishery (2012) Penrhyn 1,000 km Rarotonga Big-eye Tuna

  26. Skipjack Tuna Purse Seine Fishery Penrhyn 1,000 km Skipjack Tuna Rarotonga

  27. Legislative Framework • Marine Resources Act 2005 • Designated Fisheries – Section 5 • Fisheries Management Plan • Regulations • Regulations: • Marine Resources Longline Fishery Regulations 2012 • 50 vessel Limit (cap) • Marine Resources Purse Seine Fishery Regulations 2013 • 1250 days (30,000mt)

  28. Pearl Support Division

  29. Vision • Improve quality and quantity of production through: • better farm husbandry systems • improved governance • continued research and development, and environmental monitoring programs

  30. Objectives 1. Support to key stakeholders through enhanced governance and communication. 2. Strengthen capacity to increase pearl quality 3. Monitor lagoon health and changing environmental conditions, 4. Identify other sustainable economic opportunities of the pa enua paeTokerau

  31. Causes of the problem

  32. Market forces • Quality • Depressed world pearl prices • High costs of operating on Manihiki • Depopulation • Labour forces

  33. Bacterial Disease diseased pearl oyster Healthy pearl oyster

  34. Governance • Island Council • Manihiki Pearl Farmers Association • Manihiki Pearl Farmers • Fishing Association • Government • Ministries • Communities

  35. Thank You

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