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Master Gardener Training - Weed Identification and Management

Master Gardener Training - Weed Identification and Management. Jeffrey Derr Professor of Weed Science Virginia Tech. Additional information - Weed identification Books. Weeds of the Northeast – Cornell Press Weeds of Southern Turfgrass, Georgia Cooperative Extension Service

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Master Gardener Training - Weed Identification and Management

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  1. Master Gardener Training - Weed Identification and Management Jeffrey Derr Professor of Weed Science Virginia Tech

  2. Additional information- Weed identification Books • Weeds of the Northeast – Cornell Press • Weeds of Southern Turfgrass, Georgia Cooperative Extension Service • Weeds of the South - University of Georgia Press • Color Atlas of Turfgrass Weeds – John Wiley & Sons

  3. Additional Information – Weed ID Websites Virginia Tech Weed ID websites www.ppws.vt.edu/ipm/weeds_container_nurseries.html www.turfweeds.net www.ppws.vt.edu/weedindex.htm

  4. Additional information • Pest Management Guides Home Grounds and Animals http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/456/456-018/456-018.html • Herbicide labels

  5. Weed life cycle Annuals Summer - grass, broadleaf, sedge, other monocots Winter – grass, broadleaf Biennials– broadleaf Perennials– grass, sedge, other monocots, broadleaves

  6. Summer annual grasses Large crabgrass Fall panicum Giant foxtail

  7. Microstegium (Japanese stiltgrass)

  8. Winter annual grasses Italian (Annual) ryegrass Annual bluegrass

  9. Annual broadleaves Summer common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, common ragweed, iyleaf morningglory Winter vetch, horseweed, fleabane, common chickweed, henbit

  10. Summer annual broadleaves Common ragweed tall morningglory Common lambsquarters Smooth pigweed

  11. Winter annual broadleaves Vetch Henbit Common chickweed Horseweed

  12. Biennials Musk thistle Wild carrot

  13. Perennial Monocots Perennial grasses • clump - tall fescue, orchardgrass • creeping - quackgrass, bermudagrass, johnsongrass Perennial sedges – yellow nutsedge Other perennial monocots– wild garlic

  14. Perennial grasses Johnsongrass Quackgrass Bermudagrass

  15. Yellow and Purple Nutsedge Perennial sedges (rhizomes, tubers)

  16. False Green Kyllinga – perennial sedge

  17. Other monocots Wild garlic (perennial)

  18. Perennial broadleaves • Simple – dandelion, buckhorn plantain • Creeping - bindweed, brambles, poison ivy, horsenettle, hemp dogbane

  19. Simple perennial broadleaves Dandelion Buckhorn plantain

  20. Creeping perennial broadleaves Poison ivy Horsenettle Hedge bindweed

  21. Perennial broadleaf weeds Hemp dogbane Black locust

  22. Turf Weed Control • Biological – none available • Cultural • Chemical

  23. Integrated Pest Management Determine management level – high, medium, low Scouting – identify weed problems late spring for winter annuals late summer for summer annuals, perennials Determine weed infestation level/need for renovation Evaluate control options – nonchemical vs chemical Chemical treatments – broadcast, spot-treatment

  24. Cultural Control of Weeds in Turf Use the best adapted turf species for the site Proper mowing heights : 3-4 inches for tall fescue Maintain appropriate pH, nutrient levels, irrigation Correct compaction, shade, and drainage problems Control insects and diseases Reduce stress – drought, excess salts, etc.

  25. Biorational Products for TurfCorn gluten • By-product of corn milling • 60% protein • Preemergence herbicide • Annual weed control, esp crabgrass • No postemergence effects • ~ 10% nitrogen • Herbicidal components • Various products Safe Lawn, WOW!, A-Maize-N, Organic Weed and Feed, etc

  26. Chemical Control in Turf • Preemergence herbicides – primarily for annual weeds • Postemergence herbicides – primarily used for perennial weeds

  27. Crabgrass control in turf Preemergence Pre + Pre Postemergence Pre + Post

  28. Preemergence Crabgrass Herbicides – at seeding or newly-seeded cool-season turf Tupersan (siduron) Drive (quinclorac) – certified commercial applicators only

  29. Preemergence Crabgrass Herbicides – established cool-season turf Barricade (prodiamine) Ronstar (oxadiazon) - commercial applicators only, not home lawns Dimension (dithiopyr) pendimethalin (Halts, Pre-M, Pendulum, etc.) bensulide (Bensumec, etc.) Team (trifluralin + benefin) Dacthal (DCPA) Balan (benefin) Tupersan (siduron)

  30. Preemergence Crabgrass Herbicides – established warm-season turf Barricade (prodiamine) Ronstar (oxadiazon) – commercial applicators only, not home lawns Dimension (dithiopyr) pendimethalin (Halts, Pre-M, Pendulum, etc.) bensulide (Bensumec, etc.) Team (trifluralin + benefin) Dacthal (DCPA) Balan (benefin)

  31. Postemergence crabgrass herbicides – cool seasonturf Dimension (pre-tillering of crabgrass) MSMA, DSMA – uses being phased out Drive/products containing quinclorac Acclaim Extra (fenoxaprop)

  32. Annual Bluegrass control • Preemergence crabgrass herbicide in late August (may not be able to overseed) • Prograss (professional applicators only) - postemergence in cool-season turf, dormant bermudagrass • No control in spring for cool-season turf

  33. Preemergence Controlof Annual Broadleaf Weeds Depends upon the herbicide Preemergence control possible for: Spotted (Prostrate) spurge Common chickweed Henbit Others

  34. Preemergence broadleaf control Gallery, Green Light Portrait (isoxaben) Preemergence crabgrass herbicides

  35. Bermudagrass Suppression in Tall fescue • No effective, selective control • Suppression with Acclaim Extra + Turflon, Tupersan, some other chemicals • Or 2-3 applications of Roundup and reseed • Proper mowing height • Overseeding

  36. Yellow nutsedge control in Cool-season turf • Postemergence control • SedgeHammer • Dismiss • Basagran • MSMA (being phased out) • Also used for kyllinga control

  37. Wild Onion, Wild Garlic Control 2,4-D ester

  38. Broadleaf Control Chemicals 2,4-D, 2,4-DP, MCPP, MCPA, dicamba, triclopyr, clopyralid, fluroxypyr • Usually use combinations such as • 2,4-D + MCPP • 2,4-D + MCPP + dicamba • Leaf, root absorbed • Sprays and granular forms

  39. Spray versus Granular application • Spray generally provides better control since these chemicals are absorbed by leaves as well as roots • Granular formulations – reduce potential for leaf uptake, apply when dew is present • Granules – no spray drift, still can injure ornamentals through root uptake

  40. Dandelion Buckhorn plantain

  41. Oxalis (woodsorrel)

  42. Ground ivy Triclopyr or a dicamba based product

  43. Wild Violet Control in Turf Postemergence control - triclopyr based product

  44. Lespedeza - Use a triclopyr based product

  45. Virginia buttonweed Repeat applications of a turf combination broadleaf herbicide - (Trimec, etc.)

  46. Ornamental Bed Weed control • Cultural Control • Chemical control

  47. Cultural Control in beds • Hand-weeding, tilling, hoeing • Mulches • Organic : pine bark, pine straw, hardwood bark, etc • Inorganic – rocks • Black plastic • Landscape fabrics

  48. Mulches • 2 to 4 depth • Avoid mulch with a sulfur or ammonia odor (sour mulch) • Free of weed seed • Control annual weeds • Rock mulches better than bark mulches for weed control • Bark mulches can support weed growth

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