1 / 38

Political Struggles in France

Political Struggles in France. Mr. McLaughlin. Congress of Vienna. Places Louis XVIII on the throne Ultra royalist - conservatives aristocrats who wanted the establish the old order ABSOLUTE RULE. Revolt in France. Charles X becomes King after Louis XVIII

josie
Download Presentation

Political Struggles in France

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Political Struggles in France Mr. McLaughlin

  2. Congress of Vienna • Places Louis XVIII on the throne • Ultra royalist- conservatives aristocrats who wanted the establish the old order • ABSOLUTE RULE

  3. Revolt in France • Charles X becomes King after Louis XVIII • He tries to pass an act to repay Aristocrats for lands lost in the French Revolution • This is an unpopular act The legislative assembly becomes more liberal due to elections

  4. The July Ordinances • Charles issues in response to the legislative assembly • The ordinances abolish freedom of the press • Restricts voting rights

  5. The Papers call for a Rebellion • July 27th, 1830—Angry Parisians storm the streets • By July 29th—”3 Glorious Days” • Revolutionaries force Charles X to give up his rights as monarch and abdicate the throne • He flees to Great Britain

  6. Louis Philippe • Cousin of Charles accepts the throne • Becomes known as the Citizen-King • He dressed and acted like a middle-class person • He supported the wealthy • People began to demand political reforms • Especially in voting rights

  7. Citizen-King • Louis Philippe refused • People appealed to the Prime Minister Francois Guizot (Gee-Zoh)

  8. Revolt of 1848 • In 1848 a political banquet was held • Guizot tries to cancel it—too late • Louis Philippe calls in the troops • The troops sympathized w/the rebels and join them • Louis Philippe fearing—abdicates and flees to Great Britain

  9. The Second Empire • France is now claiming to be a Republic • Now want a President • Extend Voting Rights to all males • Only briefly do the French enjoy the freedoms of the 1848 Revolt

  10. The Rise of Louis Napoleon

  11. Presidential Elections of 1848 • Louis Napoleon is the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte • Won overwhelmingly • Presented himself as a reformer but really wants to establish himself as Emperor • Gained the confidence of the Army, Church, middle class and peasants

  12. Support of Catholics created an uproar in Paris • Louis Napoleon uses this to show that the Republic doesn’t work • National Assembly restricted people due to the violence in Paris • Louis Napoleon uses this to his advantage • Revoked voting Rts. Of 1/3rd of the people

  13. Coup d’etat • Dec. 2, 1851 Louis Napoleon quickly seizes power • He dissolves the National Assembly • Arrest 70 of his opponents • He reestablishes voting Rts. For all French men (This makes him popular) • He calls for a plebiscite (National Vote)

  14. This gives him the right to create a new Constitution • 2nd Plebiscite vote on the constitution • 95% in favor of the new constitution that turns France from a Republic to a Heritary Empire • 1852-----Louis Napoleon becomes Napoleon III of France

  15. Results • He does have successful economic programs • Built new railroads and roads • Restricted press and civil liberties

  16. The Crimean War

  17. France and BritainvsRussia

  18. Fighting over the Ottoman Empire • Over who would protect Christians visiting the Holy sites in the Ottoman Empire • Ottoman’s pick the French • Czar Nicholas I upset—tries to extend Russian territories by expanding on the Ottoman’s land in the Balkans

  19. The Balkans

  20. France/G. Britain want to protect their trading resources in the Ottoman Empire—Middle East • Ottoman’s declare war on Russia in 1854 • France, G.B. and Sardinia (small Italian kingdom) • Most fighting takes place on the Crimean Peninsula (just into the Black Sea from the Southern Ukraine)

  21. 1854-1855 Winter Hits • Armies battled: cold, violent storms, cholera, frostbite and other diseases • Diseases caused more deaths than actual fighting • 1855 British troops capture Sebastopol (port town) • Russia is forced to make peace • 1856 Crimean War Ends

  22. Crimean Peninsula

  23. End of an Empire • Napoleon III declares war on Prussia (July 19, 1870) • He fears their growing power • Known as the Franco-Prussian War • French defeated in just over 6 weeks • Prussia wins at Sedan and take Napoleon III as a prisoner (Sept. 2)

  24. The Empire collapses (Why?) • Prussia occupies France for 4 months before a truce is signed.

  25. Peace with Prussia • French elected a new National Assembly • Surrendered the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine • Pay 5 billion francs (1billion U.S. dollars) • Prussia staged a victory march through Paris---humiliating to the French

  26. The New National Assembly • Reinstated the rents of Parisian (suspended due to Prussian occupation) • Stop paying the National Guard—Many Parisians are in • This leads to Civil Unrest

  27. The Commune of Paris • During the revolt the workers established a Socialist Government known as The Commune of Paris • Refuse to recognize the National Assembly • Called for France to become a decentralized federation of independent cities • Declared war on propertied owning class and church

  28. Introduced a new 10 hour workday • National Assembly fought back with the army—in Paris • The commune burned public buildings

  29. Bloody Week • May 1871 • During the week, the military arrested over 40,000 people • More than 20,000 killed • The Commune falls

  30. The Third Republic • 1875—New Constitution makes France a Republic again • Provides for a 2 house legislature • The 2 houses elect a president • Every official act needed the support of both houses • Cabinet of Ministers were responsible for gov’t policy

  31. A new post is made • Premier • He was to handle all the executive business

  32. Threats to the Republic • General Georges Boulanger (Boo-lahn-ZHAY) • Hero-wanted France to seek revenge against Prussia • Elections held in 1888 – prevailing attitude: Royalist support him and oppose the Republic

  33. He is urged (1889) to overthrow the Republic—Coup de’tat • Gov’t tries to arrest him for treason • He flees to Belgium • The movement collapses w/o its leader

  34. Panama Canal • 1890’s France is trying to build the canal • The project fails—thousands of French stockholders lost money • Scandals of dishonesty and poor management practices • Gov’t officials are implicated---bribes are given

  35. Results of the failure of the Canal • Elections of 1893 • Nearly 50 socialists won seats in the national convention • Socialism is growing in France

  36. The Dreyfus Affair • Alfred Dreyfus—Jewish military officer was arrested and charged with selling military secrets to the Germans • Convicted and sentenced to life on Devil’s Island • Prison colony off the coast of South America • Many supporters and family maintained his innocence

  37. 1897– evidence pointed to the fact that the evidence was forged • Supporters demanded a retrial • Gov’t refused • This Affair becomes a national issue and divided France • Socialist on Dreyfus side

  38. 1906—Civil Court pardoned Dreyfus • Reinstated him to the French army • THE REPUBLIC SURVIVES THESE 3 THREATS • 1905-France separates Church and State

More Related