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Cultural Struggles

Cultural Struggles. Defining Modern Japan. Pervasive sense of profound change Excitement, and fear The invention of tradition, as response A global process: NOT peculiar to Japan, Taking place in global dialogue. Dramatic Cultural Change. Religion: Sh ū ky ō 宗教 Rights: Kenri　 権利

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Cultural Struggles

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  1. Cultural Struggles Defining Modern Japan • Pervasive sense of profound change • Excitement, • and fear • The invention of tradition, as response • A global process: • NOT peculiar to Japan, • Taking place in global dialogue

  2. Dramatic Cultural Change Religion: Shūkyō宗教 Rights: Kenri　権利 Society/social: Shakai　社会 Philosophy: Tetsugaku 哲学 Literature: Bungaku 文学 Company： Kaisha　会社 Science: Kagaku　科学 Nation,People：Kokumin国民 Asia: Ajia 亜細亜　or アジア The age of neo- logism

  3. Problematic relation to • Asia Fukuzawa Yukichi • Advocate of change, of • “civilization and enlightenment” • His critique: “Japan has • a government but no • ‘nation’ ” (kokumin). • Advocates individual • independence, but for • sake of the nation

  4. New Roles For Women • Seeking freedom • and rights • Kishida Toshiko and Fukuda Hideko

  5. New Roles For Women • New Robes • Related new roles?

  6. New Robes For Women

  7. New Robes For Women

  8. Yamagata Aritomo “Every day we wait, the evil poison [of popular rights] will spread more and more… Fear of Political Disorder

  9. -seen in Muragaki diary, 1860s The fear of gender anarchy

  10. Fear of Westernization Society for political education: The Japanese, 1888 “What is today’s Japan? The old Japan has already collapsed, but the new Japan has not yet risen. What religion do we believe in? What moral and political principles do we favor? It is as if we are wandering in confusion through a deep fog, unable to find our way”

  11. 1888 1872 Emperor Meiji, 1872, age 20 Response: Re-inventing the Monarch • The Imperial institution enshrined at the heart of the • the constitution (on website) • Defining the Imperial image

  12. Response: Re-inventing the Monarch • In ritual as well as in word Proclamation of the Kaiser’s Reich, 1871 • Promulgating the • constitution)

  13. The imperial rescript on • education (website) Response: Re-inventing the Monarch • In ritual as well as in word • Promulgating the • constitution)

  14. The imperial rescript on • education (website) Response: Re-inventing the Monarch • In ritual as well as in word

  15. Alternative response

  16. Response: Inventing the “Good Wife and Wise Mother”

  17. Good wife and wise mother as a global tradition of modern times

  18. Okakura Kakuzo, The Ideals of the East, “Asia is One” Response: Inventing Japanese-ness • Articulating Japanese, • and Asian, aesthetics

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