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The War of 1812. I. France and Britain are at war (again). A. Both countries had seized American ships B. British increased impressment (forced service) of American sailors. C. Jefferson passes the Embargo Act 1807 1. No US ships to foreign ports 2. No foreign ships in US ports
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I. France and Britain are at war (again) • A. Both countries had seized American ships • B. British increased impressment (forced service) of American sailors
C. Jefferson passes the Embargo Act 1807 • 1. No US ships to foreign ports • 2. No foreign ships in US ports • 3. It’s a disaster – hurts US business, but has no effect in Europe • 4. Repealed 1809
D. Madison (elected 1808) allows trade except with Britain and France • 1. Until they respect US ships • 2. Did not work
II. Tecumseh • A. Shawnee Indian leader • B. Educated • C. Seeks to unite Indian groups • D. Fights William Henry Harrison (Battle of Tippecanoe 1811) • E. Flees to Canada, welcomed by British
III. Reasons for War • A. Impressment of US sailors • B. Violations of US sea rights • C. British support of Indian resistance
IV. The War • A. Mostly fought at sea (near the east coast around Baltimore) • 1. Ft McHenry shelled • 2. Inspires Star Spangled Banner • B. Land battles in Canada, along the St Lawerence Seaway,and around Washington DC • 1. Washington burned (Americans had burned York –Toronto) • 2. Dolly Madison saves valuable papers (including Washington’s portrait)
C. Treaty of Ghent signed 1814 • 1. Restored previous borders • 2. Battle of New Orleans fought after the treaty was signed