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Modern Electrical Power Production and Delivery

Modern Electrical Power Production and Delivery. Ralph E. Fehr, III, P.E. Consultant and Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering University of South Florida September 16, 2004. This Powerpoint slideshow is available on the USF Power website:.

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Modern Electrical Power Production and Delivery

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  1. Modern Electrical Power Production and Delivery Ralph E. Fehr, III, P.E. Consultant and Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering University of South Florida September 16, 2004

  2. This Powerpoint slideshow is available on the USF Power website: http://web.tampabay.rr.com/usfpower/fehr.htm

  3. Nikola Tesla and the Induction Coil Thomas Edison and the Incandescent Lamp

  4. 25,000 kWh / person 10 x 1012 kWh 1500 – 2000 GW peak 70% 60% 11,000 kWh / person 3 x 1012 kWh 750 GW peak 50% 40% 1100 kWh / person 180 x 109 kWh 40 GW peak 30% 20% 10% 1880 1940 2000 2060 YEAR U.S Electricity Usage as a Percentage of Total Energy Usage ELECTRO- TECHNOLOGIES RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORTATION A/C HEATING REFRIGERATION APPLIANCES TV / COMPUTERS LIGHTING MOTORS

  5. EVOLUTION REVOLUTION REVOLUTION R&D, MAT’LS, MFG, PWR ELECTRONICS ELEC & MECH ENGR ELEC & MECH ENGR R&D, PWR ELECTRONICS ELEC & CIVIL ENGR R&D, MAT’LS, PROCESSES, PWR ELECTRONICS FIRST GENERATORS AND POWER PLANTS LARGER PLANTS AND DIVERSIFIED SOURCES DISTRIBUTED AND RENEWABLE GENERATION EARLY AC DISTRIBUTION FACTS, CUSTOM POWER, SUPERCONDUCTING XMSN HIGH-VOLTAGE AC AND DC END-USE DIVERSIFICATION ADVANCED ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES LIGHTING AND MOTORS

  6. Technology Leads To Product Development

  7. Transmission and Distribution Components Polymer Insulators (Suspension and Post)

  8. Transmission and Distribution Components ACSR Conductor (Aluminum Conductor, Steel-Reinforced)

  9. Transmission and Distribution Components High-Strength Poles (Tubular Steel and Spun Concrete)

  10. Transmission and Distribution Components Zinc Oxide Varistor Surge Arresters

  11. Transmission and Distribution Components High-Phase-Order (6-phase and 12-phase) Transmission Lines

  12. Transmission and Distribution Components Fiber-Optic Communication Systems

  13. Transmission and Distribution Components Microprocessor-Based Protective Relays

  14. Transmission and Distribution Components IGC's 6 Megajoule, 750 kVA IPQ-750 AC Micro-SMES Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems

  15. StaticExcitationSystems Power Generation Components

  16. DistributedControlSystems Power Generation Components

  17. Soft Starters and Adjustable Frequency Drives for AC Motor Control Power Generation Components

  18. High-Temperature Superconducting Generators Power Generation Components

  19. High-Power Semiconductor Devices Ratings up to 8500 volts and 12,000 amperesand increasing every year Common Devices Diodes Thyristors Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) Gate Turn-Off Thyristors (GTOs) Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) Integrated-Gate Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs)

  20. High-Power Semiconductor Applications Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs)Static Compensators (STATCOMs)Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) 230kV SVC

  21. Reliability Availability Typically at least 99.99% (excluding major storm outages) 52.5 minutes/year of outage time May be ok for today, but must improve in the future. Voltage Control Steady State = ±5% normally (ANSI Range A) = ±10% during contingencies (ANSI Range B) Transient per ITIC Chart (next slide) Harmonic Mitigation Voltage THD = 5% (V 69 kV) = 2.5% (69 kV < V < 161 kV) = 1% (V  161 kV) Current THD = 5% to 20% (depending on ratio of short circuit availability to load current)

  22. ANSI Range B ITIC Curve

  23. FRIENDS Flexible, Reliable and Intelligent Electrical eNergy Delivery Systems FRIENDS Quality Control Center (QCC)

  24. Outage Restoration after a Major Disaster

  25. Widespread Power System Devastation Worse at the Lower (Distribution) Voltages Higher-voltage (transmission) circuits are more durable and less susceptable to wind and tree problems. A utility system has many more circuit-miles of distribution than transmission; therefore, the distribution system has a much greater “exposure.”

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