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“YOU CAN WIN THE WAR AND LOSE THE PEACE”

WWI THE ROAD TO PEACE ?. ''We are Making a New World' (1918) By: Paul Nash. “YOU CAN WIN THE WAR AND LOSE THE PEACE”. THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE. January 1919 27 Nations Attend THE BIG FOUR 5 Treaties negotiated Named for suburbs of Paris Treaty of Versailles.

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“YOU CAN WIN THE WAR AND LOSE THE PEACE”

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  1. WWI THE ROAD TO PEACE? ''We are Making a New World' (1918) By: Paul Nash “YOU CAN WIN THE WAR AND LOSE THE PEACE”

  2. THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE • January 1919 • 27 Nations Attend • THE BIG FOUR • 5 Treaties negotiated • Named for suburbs of Paris • Treaty of Versailles Italian Prime Minister Orlando French Prime Minister Clemenceau British Prime Minister George U.S. President Wilson “Big Four”

  3. THE BIG THREE WOODROW WILSON GEORGE CLEMENCEAU DAVID LLOYD GEORGE

  4. GEORGE CLEMENCEAU • (1841-1929) • France • Revenge – lasting security • “The Tiger” • 1917 Prime Minster • “Germany should be brought to its knees so that she could never start war again.”

  5. WOODROW WILSON • (1856-1924) • United States President (1913-1921) • Idealistic • “Safe for Democracy” • Nobel Peace Prize 1919 • League of Nations • National Self-Determination

  6. WILSON’S 14 POINTS • Point 1 – end to secret treaties • Point 2 – allow freedom of the seas • Point 3 – encourage free trade through the cessation of nationalist economic policies • Point 4 – all nations participate in weapons reductions • Point 5 – establish a fair system for the settlement of colonial claims • Point 6-13 – self determination, occupied territories should be evacuated • Point 14 – International political organization

  7. DAVID LLOYD GEORGE • (1863-1945) • Minister of Munitions • Secretary of War • Prime Minister 1916 • “Welsh Wizard” • Moderate View – Peace Efforts • Predicted a renewed War within 20 years

  8. June 28, 1919 Hall of Mirrors Germany reluctantly signed the treaty The US Senate never ratified the treaty Many people in France and Britain were upset that there was no trial for Kaiser Wilhelm II and other war leaders THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

  9. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES • “War Guilt Clause” – Germany total responsibility • Reparations – Germany forced to pay for the cost of the war • German military reduced to 100,000 soldiers, small navy • Alsace-Lorraine returned to France • Poland (Polish Corridor), Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland), Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria

  10. WEIMAR REPUBLIC • 1919-1933 • Replaced the imperial gov’t • Federal Republic • National Assembly – Constitution • President, Chancellor • Reichstag - Parliament

  11. LEAGUE OF NATIONS • 1919 - 1946 • BRAIN CHILD OF WOODROW WILSON • GOALS: Prevent War, Disarmament, Collective Security, Negotiation and Diplomacy between countries • FAILURES: Lacked an armed force, US never joins – Policy of Isolationism • SUCCESSES: Territorial disputes, Silesia, Saar, opium trade, slavery, plight of refugees • PRINCIPAL OF SELF-DETERMINATION

  12. MANDATES • Protectorates • Britain – Palestine, Jordon, and Iraq • France – Lebanon, Syria • Arab revolt – Saudi dynasty established independence • Designed to protect the indigenous people and prepare them for independence • Disguised annexation?

  13. CONSEQUENCES • Unprecedented casualties • Versailles settlement did not destroy Germany = bitter and vengeful • Russian Revolution = USSR / COMMUNISM • Propaganda – military weapon – “disinformation” • Collapse of ancient dynasties – Habsburg, Romanov, Ottoman, and Hohenzollern • Severe economic stress • Women = roles in the workplace, respect, vote

  14. CONSEQUENCES • PUNISH GERMANY – Rhineland Demilitarized • WAR GUILT CLAUSE – Germany forced to accept responsibility for the outbreak of the War • Reparations – Germany to pay for war damage • Alsace – Lorraine returned to France • British confiscated merchant fleet • French took railway, freight cars, and factory machinery, Saar basin temporarily annexed • Japan was given German territory in the Pacific • Britain gained German territory in Africa

  15. CONSEQUENCES • GEO-POLITICAL • Poland – recreated – “corridor” created to cut through Germany to provide access to the sea – port of Danzig • Czechoslovakia created out of Bohemia and Moravia, and Sudetenland • Austria reduced to a pygmy state • Yugoslavia created • Romania doubled in size, Bulgaria reduced in size • Greece gain territory

  16. INTERBELLUM • Inter war period (1918-1939) • Questioning of the idea of ‘progress’ • The Great Depression (1929-39) • The rise of Totalitarian Dictatorship – Fascism and Communism

  17. MODERNITY • Munch (1893) • The Scream • Modern? • Multi-purpose • Paradoxical • Wide range of aesthetic, political, social movement of the 20th century

  18. MODERNITY • Scientific knowledge • Technological inventions • Economic expansion • Constitutional gov’t • Protection of fundamental human rights • PROGRESS? • LIMITS OF PROGRESS • Artists and philosophers

  19. MODERNITY • AGE OF ANXIETY? • Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Psychoanalysis • Id, Ego, Super Ego • Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) – nihilist • “God is Dead, we have killed him” • “Will to power” – “superman” model • REVOLUTIONARY NEW IDEAS

  20. MODERNITY • SCIENCE • Marie Curie (1867-1934) Pierre Curie(1859-1906)– isolated polonium and radium, atoms composed of subatomic particles • Albert Einstein (1879-1955) • Theory of relativity

  21. MODERNITY • ART • Henri Matisse (1869-1954) • Pablo Picasso (1882-1973)

  22. MODERNITY • MASS POLITICS • Industrial Era – masses • Liberal Opinions – Political Pressure • Journalism, Radio, Newspaper • Suffragists • Growing Labor Power • Socialists • Militant Nationalists • Anti-Semites v. Zionism

  23. MODERNITY • SOCIETY • Increases in population = improvements sanitation, increase life span • Falling Birthrate • Social Darwinism – disputes over class and race • New roles for Women, Marriage, New Men

  24. MODERNITY • Existentialism • Literary, cultural phenomenon • Search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty • Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) • Meaning in life comes through “action” – engaged • Human beings can overcome life’s absurdities

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