Creating characters — telling what human beings are like — is the whole point of writing stories.

1. Creating Characters Creating characters—telling what human beings are like—is the whole point of writing stories.

2. Why is this important? • Having the skills to identify how an author develops a character are crucial to understanding that character’s personality, motivations, and role to the larger themes found in the text. • Characters reflect our own human traits and are therefore essential players to understanding ourselves and the human condition.

3. Direct and Indirect Characterization Direct Characterization—Writers tell us directly what characters are like or what their motives are. Indirect Characterization—Writers show us characters (through speech, appearance, private thoughts, other characters’ reactions, and actions) but allow us to decide what characters are like.

4. Character Development STEAL effects on others speech thoughts actions looks

5. Speech Dialogue can reveal a lot about characters and their relationships with each other. Pay attention to • what characters say and don’t say • how characters respond to each other [End of Section]

6. Thoughts Writers can take us into the characters’ minds to reveal their thoughts and feelings. As you read, note whether the characters’ thoughts and feelings match their speech and actions.

7. Effects on Others Watch how other characters in the story react to the character. Note • how the others feel about the character • what the others say about the character

8. Actions What characters do and how they treat each other often reveal the most about them. Observe characters’ actions to determine • what their personality is like • what motivates them • how they deal with conflict

9. Looks Pay attention to language the writer uses to describe the characters’ looks, clothes, and demeanor. The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shriveled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue. . . . from A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens • Does the description give you a positive or negative impression of the character? • Which words contribute to this impression?

10. Character Development Which methods of character development are being used? “Keep still, you little devil, or I’ll cut your throat!” A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. A man with no hat, and with broken shoes, and with an old rag tied round his head. A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud, and lamed by stones, and cut by flints . . . ; who limped, and shivered, and glared and growled; and whose teeth chattered in his head as he seized me by the chin. from Great Expectations by Charles Dickens What do you think of the man based on this excerpt?

11. Practice Who is the most unforgettable character you’ve ever met in a story? Write a few sentences about why you find the character so memorable. Before you begin, jot down your ideas on a chart like this one. Most memorable character Most outstanding character Character’s appearance Important statements Important thoughts Important actions Reactions of other characters