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Hand Tremor Sensing Module

Hand Tremor Sensing Module. Group #4 Ander Sahonero Andrew Mendoza Anisley Valenciaga Tatiana Bejarano Ricardo Siu. Purpose and Goals. Investigate the types of tremors present in humans Examine the causes and treatments Determine the frequency at which they appear

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Hand Tremor Sensing Module

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  1. Hand Tremor Sensing Module Group #4 AnderSahonero Andrew Mendoza AnisleyValenciaga Tatiana Bejarano Ricardo Siu

  2. Purpose and Goals Investigate the types of tremors present in humans Examine the causes and treatments Determine the frequency at which they appear All of this will be done in order to construct a medical device which can be used as a tremor sensor Then use device to observe subject at rest , standing up, and after exercising

  3. What is a tremor? Unintentional, sometimes rhythmic movement of muscles of the body Commonly occur within the hands, also occur in head, neck, arms, legs, torso, or other body parts Can propagate from one region of the body to another Occur between frequencies of 5 to 15 Hz Two main types: physiological and pathological

  4. Causes of Tremors • Natural Causes • Caffeine • Stress, Anxiety, and Fatigue • Prescription, Medication, Age • Low Blood Sugar • Alcohol • Drug Abuse

  5. Causes of Tremors • Neurological Disorders • Caused by problems arising in parts of the brain whose purpose is to control muscles in specific areas of the body • Parkinson’s • Multiple Sclerosis • Strokes

  6. Types of Tremors • Resting Tremor • These tremors are present when your muscles are resting • The tremor may go away or become less noticeable when you move muscles that are involved • Action Tremors • Occur at the end of a intended movement ( writing, pressing a button, or reaching for an object) • The tremor will usually disappear while the affected body part is at rest Three main types of tremors: • Kinetic Tremors • Holding arm or leg in one position for a period of time against gravity (writing, holding a cup, holding your arms out, or when you stand up straight)

  7. Types of Tremors • Psychogenic tremor - can occur at rest or during postural or kinetic movement • Orthostatic tremor -fast (>12Hz) rhythmic muscle contractions that occur in the legs and trunk immediately after standing • Rubral tremor is characterized by coarse slow tremor which is present at rest, at posture and with intention • Cerebellar tremor - slow, broad tremor -extremities that occurs at the end of a purposeful movement • Physiologic tremor - every normal individual and has no clinical significance • Essential tremor-is the most common of the more than 20 types of tremor • Parkinsonian tremor - damage to structures within the brain that control movement • Dystonic tremor -all ages who are affected by dystonia

  8. Tremor Video

  9. Are there cures for Tremors? There are no cures for most tremors There are some medications that can be taken to reduce effects Psychogenic tremors can be treated

  10. Treatment for Tremors • Drug treatment for parkinsonian tremor • Levodopa and/or dopamine-like drugs • Lowering effects include amantadine hydrochloride an anticholine drugs • Propranolol or beta blockers are used when treating essential tremors • Elimination of trigger such as caffeine and altering diet • Physical therapy

  11. Mechanical interface design A piezo-film transducer was utilized which a circuit was able to convert changes in displacement to electrical signals After going through the filters, the transducer is capable of obtaining readings for frequencies that fall within the range of normal hand tremor frequencies Our device picks up frequencies between 1 Hz and 10Hz

  12. Fabricating Interface One objective of our tremor sensing equipment was to make it fully portable and, when functioning as an activity measuring device, wearable

  13. Hand positioning • Testing procedure must follow this plan of action: • The equipment is to be set on a stable base • Hand is to be unsupported and the finger positioned lightly above the transducer • Hand (right or left) must be placed in a rested position • Measurement to be taken at the index finger or middle finger

  14. Positioning of belt • When the equipment is to be used as an activity measuring device: • The device is simply worn across the waist in a belt-like fashion • Detach the Velcro straps • Place the belt around your waist • Fasten belt to your girth, making sure it is securely fastened so device is not shaking while your exercising

  15. Components • Piezoelectric transducer: to change mechanical energy into electrical energy • 10-segment LED bar graph: displays intensity of tremor

  16. Components • LM 3914 IC: driver of the LED bar • LM 741: operational amplifier to modify input

  17. Components • Potentiometer: used as a variable resistor • Diode: to allow current to pass in one direction

  18. Components • Breadboard: is a construction base for a electronic circuit • Jumper wires: used to transfer electrical signals from on part of the breadboard to the central microcontroller • Resistors: two-terminal passive electronic component which implements electrical resistance as a circuit element • Capacitors: device for storing electric charge.

  19. Apparatus LED and Driver Transducer Design of Circuit Low Pass Envelop Detector Input Amplifier Potentiometer

  20. Apparatus Input Amplifier Transducer LED and Driver Low Pass Final Circuit Design Potentiometer Envelop Detector

  21. Schematics Input Amplifier

  22. Schematics Low Pass Filter

  23. Schematics Amplifiers Combined

  24. Schematics Envelope Detector

  25. Schematics Electronic Module Design

  26. Compromises Required In order to make it portable, we used a smaller graph display To make design meet the power supply specifications a bulky battery pack was used

  27. Final Product

  28. Video Demonstration

  29. Long Term Data/ Results Output of the assembly when the person is standing Output of the assembly after running for 5 minutes Output of the assembly when the person is resting Figure 6- Output of the assembly when the person is standing. (Data Tables, Table 4)

  30. Future Directions • General • A smaller transducer • Integration of a recording module • Tremor Sensor • Better patient interface • LED displays warning when a certain threshold is reached • Actigraph • Improve the design by encasing it • More durable and rugged design

  31. Live Demonstration We will now perform a live demonstration of our hand tremor detector with the help of a live subject (patient) from the audience, where a signal tremor will be displayed

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