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World War II (1939-1945)

World War II (1939-1945). Chapter 28 (3 or 4). Totalitarian Governments. Nazi Germany. Axis Powers. Fascist Italy. Imperial Japan. Germany Violates Versailles Treaty. Stopped Reparation Payments Re-Built Military Began to Expand Other totalitarian regimes act aggressively.

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World War II (1939-1945)

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  1. World War II (1939-1945) Chapter 28 (3 or 4)

  2. Totalitarian Governments Nazi Germany Axis Powers Fascist Italy Imperial Japan

  3. Germany Violates Versailles Treaty • Stopped Reparation Payments • Re-Built Military • Began to Expand • Other totalitarian regimes act aggressively

  4. Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 • Benito Mussolini invades Ethiopia with overpowering force • 2,000 Italian troops killed, 275,000 Ethiopians killed

  5. Ethiopia and King Haile Selassie • Ethiopia one of few independent nations in Africa • 1935 - Italy invaded Ethiopia • Ethiopian king, Haile SelassieI, appealed to League of Nations for help (did little – oil boycott of Italy which most didn’t follow anyway) • Ethiopians tried to fight but weapons were no for armored vehicles, planes and poison gas of Italians • In spring of 1936, Mussolini announced Ethiopia was part of Italian Empire

  6. Emperor Haile Selassie during his famous speech to the League of Nations

  7. Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Right Wing Nationalists Loyal to General Francisco Franco Aided by Germany and Italy Leftists Republicans Loyal to democratically elected government Preferred by Britain and France, though gave very little assistance

  8. Germany Occupied the Rhineland (1936) Supposed to remain demilitarized zone as per the Versailles Treaty

  9. Anchluss (1938) • Hitler announces union with Austria • Austrians do not resist

  10. 1938 - Sudetenland • Germany took over the Sudetenland (Sept, 1938) • Hitler claimed it’s the last territory he would take

  11. Appeasement • Appeasement = The policy of giving in to someone to avoid a conflict • League of Nations, specifically Britain and France, used appeasement against Hitler

  12. Munich Pact - The Failure of Appeasement • Munich Conference = meeting between British and French leaders and Hitler • Hitler promised not to take more land in return for being allowed to keep land he already took

  13. The Munich Pact (1938) The Height of Appeasement British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

  14. Germans Take Czechoslovakia (March, 1939) • Violation of Munich Pact • British leaders again do nothing

  15. Nazi-Soviet Pact (August, 1939) • Hitler makes peace agreement with Soviet Union • Allows Germany to attack Poland without fear of fighting war on eastern front

  16. Germany Invades Poland (Sept 1, 1939) and WW2 Begins Blitzkrieg = German style of attack, “Lightning Warfare”

  17. German troops parade through Warsaw, Poland in October 1939.

  18. Meanwhile In Asia…

  19. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

  20. Japanese Aggression • When Japan invaded Manchuria, the League of Nations condemned the action, which led to Japan’s withdrawal from the group. • League took little action – did not recognize Japan’s postage stamps

  21. The Japanese Invasionof China, 1937 Japanese occupy Beijing and Chinese fight back. A stalemate occurred for the next 8 years

  22. The War In Asia • When WW2 broke out in Europe in 1939, Japan joined the Axis powers (called Tripartite Agreement) • In the early stages of war Japan continued to expand

  23. Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!

  24. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • As Japan expanded in the Pacific, they knew the one nation in their way would be U.S. • Japan thought they could wipe out U.S. with one swift sneak attack • Over 2400 American military were killed in the attack on December 7, 1941 • In response, US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan The American battleships West Virginia and Tennessee under attack at Pearl Harbor.

  25. From 1939 to 1942, the Axis Powers Dominated

  26. France Fell Within Weeks in 1940

  27. WW1 was 2nd time in less than 50 years Germany had invaded France • After WW1, France was determined to ensure this never happened again • France constructed a series of steel and concrete fortifications along its Eastern border, stretching nearly 200 miles long. • This was immensely expensive and further weakened the French economy. The Maginot Line

  28. The Maginot Line

  29. Charles de Gaulle • By June of 1940, the Germans entered Paris • France agreed to armistice and was split in half: • Northern France = Occupied by Germany • Southern France = Vichy France, technically independent, but really under control of Germans • Charles de Gaulle set up the Free French government, with its base in Great Britain • The Free French fought against Germans, often using guerrilla tactics such as blowing up bridges, wrecking trains and cutting telephone and telegraph wires

  30. France SurrendersJune, 1940

  31. A Divided France Henri Petain

  32. The French Resistance The Free French General Charles DeGaulle The Maquis

  33. The Battle of Britain, July to October, 1940

  34. Winston Churchill • In May of 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as the prime minister of Britain • Churchill had earned himself a reputation of speaking out against the policy of appeasement all throughout the 1930s • Hitler offered a peace negotiation which Churchill refused • In response, Hitler ordered his air force, the Luftwaffe to soften up Britain for invasion

  35. The Battle of Britain - 1940 The Battle of Britain is the attempt by the German Luftwaffe to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF), before a planned sea and airborne invasion of Britain during World War II.

  36. The Battle of Britain • Air war conducted by the German Luftwaffe • Commonly called “The Blitz” • 40,000 British civilians killed in urban bombing raids, especially in London • Royal Air Force prevents Germans from invading, and Hitler turns toward USSR

  37. Turning Points in World War II

  38. Hitler Turns to Russia

  39. Battle of Stalingrad:Winter of 1942-1943

  40. The Battle of Stalingrad • After failing to capture Moscow & Leningrad, Hitler tried one last attack on the city of Stalingrad in the south. • After six long months, again, the harsh winter not only drove the Germans out, but had the Soviets advancing towards Germany. Assault at Stalingrad

  41. Red Army soldiers raising the Soviet flag on the Reichstag in Berlin, Germany.

  42. Battle of Midway (June, 1942) • U.S. defeated Japan • Beginning of U.S. drive to get Japanese out of the islands they had taken in the Pacific The Japanese cruiserMikuma shortly before sinking.

  43. The Italian Campaign - “Operation Torch” Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” • Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area - North Africa - Nov. 1942-May 1943

  44. The Allies Liberate Rome:June 5, 1944

  45. Italy Surrenders • Upon the Allied invasion, Mussolini was forced to resign. His successor’s first act was to dissolve the Fascist Party. Clara Petacci (left) and Benito Mussolini (right) hung by their feet after death.

  46. D-Day (June 6, 1944)

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