USDA International Agricultural Development

1. USDA International Agricultural Development Building Capacity to Promote Global Trade, Food and National Security Patricia Sheikh Deputy Administrator Office of Capacity Building and Development Presentation to the United Nations Association June 27, 2011 Foreign Agricultural Service

2. About the Foreign Agricultural Service • Provide an overseas network of attaches and local staff to monitor global agricultural developments • Administer technical assistance and market development programs that aim to expand trade and support global food security • Link producers, processors, NGOs, academia, and Congress “We provide leadership on food, agriculture, natural resources, and related issues based on sound public policy, the best available science, and efficient management.”

3. Capacity Building Overview OCBD implements assistance and capacity-building initiatives by accessing over 100,000 USDA employees residing in over 20 agencies, and faculty from 108 land-grant colleges and universities. OCBD utilizes these capabilities to strengthen the institutions and economies of developing countries in the following areas: • Agricultural development • Emerging market programs • Rural credit, microfinance • TA programs • Regulatory oversight • Scientific research • Economic analysis • Post Harvest/Marketing • Trade missions

4. OCBD works at all levels of the development spectrum Country is able to add significant value to its production through technological application. Country is able to diversify its economy through greater trade links and standards Country looks to export a few products competitively, but only produces low value-added products that are highly susceptible to price fluctuations Trade and Scientific Exchanges Strengthen Local Research and Development Economic Growth Country looks to build a basic functioning economy, and produce staple crops at subsistence levels, establish local markets Market Promotion WTO, CODEX, IPPO, OIE Trade Capacity Country is recovering from a disaster, may have no formal economy, little production, food shortages Improve Productivity and Competitiveness GSM Programs Development Resources Emerging Market Programs Civilian Response Corps, Food Aid programs, Disaster Assistance

5. Strategic Goals OCBD utilizes the capabilities of USDA to directly support two of FAS’ strategic goals: Goal : Capacity building • Working with developing countries to build and adopt internationally recognized regulatory standards based on sound science • Educating countries on science-based international standards through workshops • Promoting U.S., regional, and international trade for economic growth and food security • Resource management and climate change

6. Strategic Goals Goal: Promote Food Security and National Security Policies Food aid is not enough to make up for the deficiencies in the world’s food supply. Capacity Building strengthens states so they are able to offer basic services and market conditions that lead to economic development • Providing technical assistance to a state’s agricultural sector • Promoting research and technological solutions to farmers to decrease hunger by increasing production • Facilitating agricultural trade to supplement local production and ensure adequate supplies

7. Partnering to Achieve Sustainable Development • Food security and trade goals use a value-chain approach that taps the Departments’ comparative advantage • Partnerships form alliances that separately would accomplish less • Pulls in private sector actors with available expertise and investment resources to promote sustainability • Together they represent a strategic model that creates partners to leverage the assets of the public and private sectors to expand trade and increase growth in developing markets • Feed the Future • Donor Countries • NGOs • PVOs • Land Grant Universities, Minority Serving Institutions • Corporate, banking and investment sectors • Trade associations • Foundations • USG Agencies

8. Food Aid, Development & Other Technical Assistance USAID handles emergencies, while USDA assistance focuses on nutrition, agricultural development and education • Food for Progress • Supports democracy and expansion of private • enterprise in the agricultural sector • Supports agricultural development • Food for Education • Promotes education • Reaches poor children, especially • girls, in low-income countries • Targets low literacy and primary • school completion rates • Encourages health and nutrition • Strives for sustainability • Technical Assistance • Govt-to-Govt • PVOs and academia

9. Sustainable Agricultural Development Honduras – Food for Progess Partners: Honduran Govt, USAID, TechnoServe, Finca and others • Strengthening and expanding farmer associations • Developing microfinance programs • Improving market access • Technical assistance to comply with CAFTA-DR, including sanitary and phytosanitary training for regional and • international trade

10. Technical Assistance with USAID & U.S. Universities Post-Harvest Loss Training in Ghana and Nigeria Partners: University of Kentucky, Oklahoma State University, Purdue University • Feed the Future Initiative country • Training government and farmers • Reduce aflatoxins, improve grain quality, increase profits • Goal of establishing warehouse receipts system

11. International School Feeding & Child Nutrition Mali – McGovern-Dole Program Partner: Catholic Relief Services • Directly impacted the lives of 45,000 people • Enhanced welfare of targeted communities • by improving access to food and education for children • To 120 schools, served more than 5 million meals in 2007-2010 • Outreach to the community to stress the importance of education • School enrollment has increased since the program began: Girls: 39% to 55% • Boys: 26% to 32%

12. Knowledge Exchanges Facilitates cooperation between American, foreign researchers, and international policy-makers. Cooperation is accomplished through development programs and work to adopt new technologies, enhancement of agricultural business. • Cochran Fellowship Program • Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural • Science and Technology Fellowship Program • Faculty Exchange Program • Scientific Cooperation Exchange • Scientific Cooperation and Research • Embassy Science Fellows • Visiting Scientist Program Borlaug Fellows from Afghanistan visit Iowa Dairy • 2 week to 6 month training and research grants • Targeted activities to meet specific needs • Supports strategic objectives and Presidential initiatives • U.S. institutions can host / train visiting fellows

13. Policy and Trade Capacity Building • Facilitates integration into the • global economy • Enhances conformance with • international standards • Promotes science-based • regulatory systems, including new • technologies (e.g., biotechnology)

14. Development Resources and Disaster Assistance • Development Resources • People need to eat and they need basic infrastructure set-up before they can engaged in trade, nationally, regionally and globally • In areas of conflict, so many countries have missed years of economic growth – our role is to help fill that 20-30 year gap with current information and technology • Basic institutional capacity • building • Market systems • Rural development infrastructure • Sustainable natural resource • base • Coordinate global avian influenza • preparedness • Provide technical assistance in • fragile states (Afghanistan/Iraq) • Civilian Response Corps • Disaster Assistance • Help a country stabilize and provide fundamental assistance – sustainable agriculture and institutional capacity ensuring economic growth and easing the entry into the global trading economy • Provides the basic building blocks to help countries either rebuild or transition from assisted agriculture to becoming viable members of the global economic community

15. Economic Opportunity Means Less Violence and Instability • How does OCBD promote greater international security? • Secure markets can prosper because risk to investment is reduced • and market conditions are more predictable. • However, isolated countries with little or no access to finance, export • markets, or infrastructure have a difficult time maintaining economic • growth. • OCBD’s efforts strengthen security through opening markets, • exchanging scientific advances, and improving economic conditions.

16. Agriculture promotes economic opportunity in fragile states It starts with Agriculture • Helping governments of fragile states to provide services through technical assistance programs promotes their legitimacy in the eyes of their citizens • Fragile states need: • Rule of Law • Stable macroeconomic institutions • Social well being • Security Agriculture is the fastest means to increasing employment in fragile markets where it plays a critical role in the economy Agriculture encourages investment, political stability USDA has increased its presence in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and Haiti