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Species Change Over Time

Explore the concepts of variation, mutations, adaptation, and natural selection, as well as how species evolve over time. Learn about the impact of genetic changes, beneficial mutations, and the role of adaptations in survival and reproduction.

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Species Change Over Time

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  1. Species Change Over Time Lamarck Darwin

  2. Who thought this? • There is VARIATION within a species • DARWIN • Organisms can make a change to themselves and pass that onto their offspring • LAMARCK • Change within a population, not an individual • DARWIN • Natural Selection • DARWIN • Acquired Characteristics • LAMARCK • Organisms change over time. • BOTH • Species cannot go extinct • Lamarck • Whose idea is still believed by the scientific community today • Darwin

  3. Adaptations Over Time Chapter 12 Pages 334-341

  4. Review of Important Terms to Know • Traits-characteristics of a species that are passed from parent to offspring. • Offspring- the scientific name for “babies” of an organism

  5. Species • Species- a group similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring • Fertile- the ability to reproduce ~8.7 Million Species Worldwide! • Animals: 7.77 million • Fungi: 0.61 million • Plants: 0.30 million • Protozoa: 0.04 million • Chromists: 0.03 million

  6. Variation • Variation- any inherited difference between members of the same species • Ex: albino squirrel, the ability for baby turtles to swim faster, a longer neck, wider nostrils, thicker fur… Forsten’s Tortoise

  7. What Causes Variation? • SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • Variations result from permanent changes in an organism’s genes. • The permanent changes in the genes are called MUTATIONS.

  8. American Alligator with a pigment mutation

  9. Mutations…Good or Bad??? • Mutations can be either beneficial, harmful or neutral. • Some gene changes produce LARGE variations. • Ex: Albino squirrel • Some gene changes produce small variations • Ex: shape of human hairlines • “People don't realize it, but everyone has about 60 genetic mutations in their body at any given time. (Tudge, Colin)”

  10. King Cheetah Pattern Mutation • “A genetic mutation changes a spotted cheetah pattern to a striped king cheetah pattern.”

  11. Adaptation • Adaptation- a variation (or trait) that helps an organism survive & reproduce • Adaptations can be behavioral or physical.

  12. Adaptations BEHAVIORAL PHYSICAL Body structures Camouflage Shapes of beaks Fur Blubber Color or Markings Webbed-feet Body coverings • The way an organism acts or behaves • Migration • Hibernation • Communication • Mating dances

  13. 4 Principles of Natural Selection

  14. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection • Natural Selection- individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive & reproduce than other members of the same species • Also known as “Survival of the Fittest”

  15. Overproduction • 1) Overproduction- producing more offspring than can survive

  16. Overproduction

  17. Competition • 2) Competition- individuals compete for food, nesting sites, territory, & other resources that affect their ability to reproduce

  18. Variation • 3) Variations- a difference between members of same species that may help it survive and reproduce • Some are born with an advantage over the others! • Ex: beak shape, eyesight, height, speed…

  19. Selection • 4) Selection- over time, the environment “selects” organisms w/ helpful traits to be parents of next generation • Ex: Just as the changing forest affected the peppered moths.

  20. . WRAP UP • Over a long period of time, natural selection can lead to the evolving of a new species. Helpful variations remain & unfavorable ones disappear

  21. Factors that Affect Natural Selection • 1) Overproduction- producing more offspring than can survive • 2) Competition- offspring compete for food & other resources • 3) Variations- a difference between members of same species that may help it survive • 4) Selection- over time, the environment “selects” organisms w/ helpful traits to be parents of next generation

  22. Do Now: Bear Trio! • In your journal answer the following questions. • What differences do you notice among the three bears? • What did Darwin call these differences? • What causes these differences among organisms?

  23. Line Graphs • Which day were the most cookies sold? • What is the title of graph? • What day were 20 cookies sold? • About how many cookies were sold on Tuesday?

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