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Greek & Hellenistic Achievements

Explore the achievements of Greek and Hellenistic culture, from the philosophical teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle to the dramatic works, architecture, sculpture, and scientific contributions of prominent figures like Euclid, Pythagoras, and Hippocrates.

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Greek & Hellenistic Achievements

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  1. Greek & Hellenistic Achievements

  2. Greek Philosophy Socrates • 1st of the 3 Major Greek Philosophers • Socratic Method • Began w/ basic questions (What is Life?), followed w/more to help understand the world • Qs made you better person/citizen

  3. Death of Socrates • Wealthy & Noble Athenians believed he was teaching their children to Question the Gods • Charged with Impeity (?) & Corrupting the Youth • Condemned to Death; students tried to help him escape • He criticized them for their action, refused, and drank a cup of Hemlock (poison) • Principle of Obedience to Law---follow the laws/decisions of society, b/c society w/out laws = CHAOS?

  4. Greek Philosophy Plato • Student of Socrates, writings recorded his ideas & provided info about Socrates’ life & ideals • The Republic- Gov’t should be run by those most qualified…Philosopher Kings • Critical of Athenian Democracy-Feared Mob Rule • Founded the Academy, lasted for over 100 years

  5. Greek Philosophy Aristotle • Student of Plato, spent time at the Academy • Focus on Natural World rather than Human Behavior • Reason- Careful observations & rational thinking to study natural world • Logic- Use prior knowledge to infer new facts • Established his own academy, Lyceum; Tutored Alexander

  6. Homer • Epic Poems • Iliad- Chronicled Trojan War • Odyssey- Odysseus’s journey Home • Oral Storytelling; spread throughout Ancient Greece • Formed the basis of Greek Education System • Inspired Greeks for Generations

  7. Herodotus • Greeks were the 1st to write about & analyze their past • “Father of History” • 1st Major Greek Historian • The Histories- detailed major events of Persian Wars • Events he witnessed & reports from those who said they witnessed • Issues? Does he deserve his title?

  8. Greek Drama • Created for Entertainment; Art of Playwriting -Originally introduced during festivals honoring Dionysus -Recited to Audience, later actors took on specific roles • Tragedy- focused on hardships faced by Greek Heroes • Comedy- Satires, written to expose the Flaws of Society

  9. Greek Architecture • Athenians valued beauty; literary & visual • Architecture- Greeks built magnificent Temples, Theatres & other public buildings -Added fine works of art to enhance their appearance • Parthenon- Massive temple at the center of the Acropolis -Not too wide (squat) or too tall (flimsy)

  10. Greek Art Sculpture • Adept at depicting Human Form • Immense detail, great beauty & grace • Few originals survive, Roman re-creations Paintings • Preserved on Vases, Plates • Scenes of everyday life & popular myths

  11. Hellenistic World • Hellenistic- Emerged b/c of Alexander the Great -Blending of Greek culture w/Persia, Egypt & Central Asia -Bringing ideas & people together • Alexander married Persian princesses, encouraged troops to do the same; established cities across Empire • Cultural Diffusion at its finest • Move away from Polis to Kingdom & Monarchy

  12. Science & Technology Euclid • Geometry • Father of Geometry • Formed many of the ideas we still use today Pythagoras • Pythagorean Theorem • Derived the formula to calculate the relationship b/w the sides of a Right Triangle

  13. Science & Technology Eratosthenes • Calculated the circumference of the Globe • Used simple Geometry, careful observation, came remarkably close to actual figure Archimedes • Mathematician who used Math & Physics to create devices that made life easier • Levers, pulleys & screws; catapult

  14. Science & Technology • Hippocrates -studied causes of illnesses & looked for cures -Set ethical standards for doctors then, as well as now • Hippocratic Oath

  15. Hippocratic Oath • “I will use my power to help the sick to the best of my ability and judgment; I will abstain from harming or wronging any man by it… • Whatever I see or hear, professionally, or privately, which ought not to be divulged, I will keep secret… • If, therefore, I observe this oath and do not violate it, may I prosper both in my life and in my profession, earning good repute among all men for all time.”

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