All of the following are altered states of consciousness EXCEPT: Sleep Drug use Hypnosis

1. LO 4.1 All of the following are altered states of consciousness EXCEPT: • Sleep • Drug use • Hypnosis • Waking consciousness • Meditation

2. LO 4.1 All of the following are altered states of consciousness EXCEPT: • Sleep • Drug use • Hypnosis • Waking consciousness (p. 126) • Meditation

3. LO 4.2 Body temperature is affected by the circadian cycle in which way? • Body temperature increases at night. • Body temperature decreases at night. • Body temperature remains stable throughout the day. • Body temperature decreases when the body is at its highest level of alertness. • Body temperature is lowest in mid-afternoon, explaining why people often experience sleepiness during this time of day.

4. LO 4.2 Body temperature is affected by the circadian cycle in which way? • Body temperature increases at night. • Body temperature decreases at night. (p. 127) • Body temperature remains stable throughout the day. • Body temperature decreases when the body is at its highest level of alertness. • Body temperature is lowest in mid-afternoon, explaining why people often experience sleepiness during this time of day.

5. LO 4.2 What section of the brain instructs the pineal gland to release melatonin as nighttime approaches and daylight decreases? Suprachiasmatic nucleus Hippocampus Thalamus Endocrine system Cerebellum

6. LO 4.2 What section of the brain instructs the pineal gland to release melatonin as nighttime approaches and daylight decreases? Suprachiasmatic nucleus (p. 127) Hippocampus Thalamus Endocrine system Cerebellum

7. LO 4.3 Prolonged sleep deprivation (e.g., longer than 24 hours) can lead to all of the following EXCEPT: • Depression • Inattention • Irritability • Hyperactivity • Unnecessary risk-taking

8. LO 4.3 Prolonged sleep deprivation (e.g., longer than 24 hours) can lead to all of the following EXCEPT: • Depression • Inattention • Irritability • Hyperactivity (p. 128) • Unnecessary risk-taking

9. LO 4.4 The stage of sleep that is characterized by sleep spindles, or sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain, is called: • Stage 1 sleep • Stage 2 sleep • Stage 3 sleep • Stage 4 sleep • REM sleep

10. LO 4.4 The stage of sleep that is characterized by sleep spindles, or sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain, is called: • Stage 1 sleep • Stage 2 sleep (p. 132) • Stage 3 sleep • Stage 4 sleep • REM sleep

11. LO 4.4 What stage of sleep is often associated with dreaming, and during which the body enters a state of paralysis to prevent a person from acting out on their dreams? • Stage 1 • Stage 2 • Stage 3 • Stage 4 • REM sleep

12. LO 4.4 What stage of sleep is often associated with dreaming, and during which the body enters a state of paralysis to prevent a person from acting out on their dreams? • Stage 1 • Stage 2 • Stage 3 • Stage 4 • REM sleep (p. 133-134)

13. LO 4.7 ___________ is a sleep disorder in which a person slips directly into REM sleep during the day and finds it difficult to stay awake while performing activities, such as driving a car. • Insomnia • Sleep apnea • REM behavior disorder • Narcolepsy • Night terrors

14. LO 4.7 ___________ is a sleep disorder in which a person slips directly into REM sleep during the day and finds it difficult to stay awake while performing activities, such as driving a car. • Insomnia • Sleep apnea • REM behavior disorder • Narcolepsy (p. 138) • Night terrors

15. LO 4.8 According to the ________________, a dream is the brain’s attempt to make sense of, or provide an explanation for, random signals emitted from the brainstem during sleep. • activation synthesis hypothesis • psychoanalytic theory • the activation-information-mode model (AIM) • adaptive theory • restorative theory

16. LO 4.8 According to the ________________, a dream is the brain’s attempt to make sense of, or provide an explanation for, random signals emitted from the brainstem during sleep. • activation synthesis hypothesis (p. 140) • psychoanalytic theory • the activation-information-mode model (AIM) • adaptive theory • restorative theory

17. LO 4.9 Which of the following is TRUE of hypnosis? • It provides people with supernatural strength that they would not have if not hypnotized. • It helps to recover reliable memories of past experiences, and therefore is used among police departments- for example, in cases of child abuse reported years later by adults. • It can reduce the pain associated with surgery and giving birth. • It helps people regress back to the childhood years. • It makes people commit immoral acts that they would not normally.

18. LO 4.9 Which of the following is TRUE of hypnosis? • It provides people with supernatural strength that they would not have if not hypnotized. • It helps to recover reliable memories of past experiences, and therefore is used among police departments- for example, in cases of child abuse reported years later by adults. • It can reduce the pain associated with surgery and giving birth. (p. 143-144) • It helps people regress back to the childhood years. • It makes people commit immoral acts that they would not normally.

19. LO 4.10 Psychological dependency on a drug occurs when: • a person becomes physically dependent on a drug, and their body craves the drug. • a person develops tolerance and needs increased dosages of the drug to achieve the initial effects that the drug once had. • a person exhibits withdrawal symptoms when trying to stop drug use. • the drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional well-being. • a person has difficulty functioning normally without the drug.

20. LO 4.10 Psychological dependency on a drug occurs when: • a person becomes physically dependent on a drug, and their body craves the drug. • a person develops tolerance and needs increased dosages of the drug to achieve the initial effects that the drug once had. • a person exhibits withdrawal symptoms when trying to stop drug use. • the drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional well-being. (p. 146) • a person has difficulty functioning normally without the drug.

21. LO 4.11 Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause psychosis, where a person starts becoming delusional (i.e., having false beliefs), and becomes paranoid? • Amphetamines • Nicotine • Barbiturates • Alcohol • Caffeine

22. LO 4.11 Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause psychosis, where a person starts becoming delusional (i.e., having false beliefs), and becomes paranoid? • Amphetamines (p. 146-147) • Nicotine • Barbiturates • Alcohol • Caffeine

23. LO 4.13 Which of the following is NOT considered an effect of alcohol at a blood alcohol level of .10 or less? • Feelings of well being are increased. • Judgment is impaired. • Inhibitions are lowered. • Severe motor disturbances are present. • Increased chance of collision when driving a car

24. LO 4.13 Which of the following is NOT considered an effect of alcohol at a blood alcohol level of .10 or less? • Feelings of well being are increased. • Judgment is impaired. • Inhibitions are lowered. • Severe motor disturbances are present. (p. 153) • Increased chance of collision when driving a car

25. LO 4.14 Narcotics, or pain killers, work by attaching to receptor sites that are for the body’s natural painkiller substance, _________, explaining why narcotics are so addictive: • endorphins • serotonin • acetylcholine • THC • PCP

26. LO 4.14 Narcotics, or pain killers, work by attaching to receptor sites that are for the body’s natural painkiller substance, _________, explaining why narcotics are so addictive: • endorphins (p. 152) • serotonin • acetylcholine • THC • PCP

27. LO 4.15 This drug is associated with its mind-altering ability to enhance the senses, making colors seem brighter and sounds more enhanced than they actually are in reality, and it is associated with enhancing creative genius. • LSD • Morphine • Heroin • Cocaine • Benzodiazpines

28. LO 4.15 This drug is associated with its mind-altering ability to enhance the senses, making colors seem brighter and sounds more enhanced than they actually are in reality, and it is associated with enhancing creative genius. • LSD (p.154) • Morphine • Heroin • Cocaine • Benzodiazpines

29. LO 4.16 All of the following are short or long-term effects of using marijuana EXCEPT: • Immune system damage • Anxiety or panic attacks • Paranoia • Lowered sperm production • Clearer thinking that allows for enhanced cognitive abilities

30. LO 4.16 All of the following are short or long-term effects of using marijuana EXCEPT: • Immune system damage • Anxiety or panic attacks • Paranoia • Lowered sperm production • Clearer thinking that allows for enhanced cognitive abilities (p. 155-156)