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Cancer Case Study Presentation

Cancer Case Study Presentation. Katrina Beining and Katie Koller 2/8/14 FN 4360. What is Cancer?. Over 100 diseases 1 Cancer can cause almost any sign or symptom depending on size/location of tumor & how it effects organs and tissues 1. Etiology. In general 1 :

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Cancer Case Study Presentation

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  1. Cancer Case Study Presentation Katrina Beining and Katie Koller 2/8/14 FN 4360

  2. What is Cancer? • Over 100 diseases1 • Cancer can cause almost any sign or symptom depending on size/location of tumor & how it effects organs and tissues1

  3. Etiology • In general1: • Normally: cell restoration or death occurs if DNA damaged • Cancer: continual cell growth with DNA damage • Environmental factors or errors in multiplication lead to damage • Overgrowth of cells can lead to a tumor • Benign vs. malignant tumors • Cells also intrude into other areas of body

  4. Etiology Cont. • How does cancer spread?:1 • Cells move to other parts of body through blood or lymph vessels • Cancer cells take over • Process known as metastasis

  5. Etiology Cont. • Factors:2 • Overweight and obesity: • Inflammation • Immune system activity • Hormones amounts and metabolism (estradiol and insulin) • Cell multiplication components • Hormone accessibility from proteins (IGF-binding proteins)

  6. Etiology Cont. • Factors:2 • Red and Processed Meats: • Mutagens and carcinogensfrom high temperatures and/or grilling • Salt & nitrates/nitrites in luncheon/processed meats • Iron in myoglobin can speed up production of nitrosamine • Amount of fatproduction of bile acids

  7. Etiology Cont. • Factors2: • Alcohol Consumption: • Less Understood • Production of acetaldehyde damages DNA • Raise levels of hormones (breast cancer) • Other note-worthy contributors: • Food contaminants • Pesticides and herbicides • Salting and Pickling

  8. Diagnostic Tests and Treatment • General Tests: • Computed tomography (CT)3 • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)3 • Position emission tomography (PET)-CT3 • Ultrasound4 • Biopsy4 • Specific Tests: • Colonoscopy5 • Mammogram4 • Treatment options

  9. How Cancer Affects Nutrition Status • High risk population5 • Hypermetabolic state ->increased energy needs ->Cachexia5 • Treatment side effects: anorexia, changes in taste and smell (tissue damage), GI dysfunction, nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, chewing problems, fatigue, food aversions5 • Weight loss factors study results

  10. Treatment and Prevention • Treatment for cancer: • Small and frequent meals (2-3 hours), drink more water, nutritional supplements, high-protein snacks5 • Foods not normally considered “healthy” consumed to maintain caloric intake/make easier to eat,ex. milkshake6 • Prevention of Cancer:2 • Physical Activity: • Can inhibit cancer due to control over hormones and assisting immune system • Decreased risk of breast, colon, advanced prostate cancer (even if start physical activity later in life) • Fruits and Vegetables: • Contain fiber, carotenoids, sterols, phenols, vitamins, mineralsantioxidants • Better to eat whole foods, versus supplements • Water and fiber content can lead to weight loss • Fiber and Soy: • More research needs to be done; may help reduce risk

  11. Colorectal Cancer • Colorectal cancer:7 • More prevalent with older age and males • One of the more widespread cancers in developed nations • Etiology: • Genetic factors:2 • History of benign polyps or colorectal cancer • Environmental factors:7 • Increased risk from diabetes, obesity, smoking, chronic inflammation, alcohol, and physical inactivity • Nutrition factors: fruit, vegetable, fiber2, red meat, calcium, and vitamin D intake

  12. Case Studies: • Katie’s Patient: 63 yo Caucasian female • Before Diagnosis: • Fairly healthy regarding diet and physical activity • Smoked up until cancer diagnosis • Diagnosed after surgery, and had colostomy • Met with oncology Dietitian • Started chemolactose intolerant, diarrhea, decreased muscle mass, white count down, crave sugar, no raw vegetables • After chemoEating more fresh fruit and vegetables, less nitrites/nitrates • Diagnosed againable to eat fruit/vegetables, constipated

  13. Case Studies Cont.: • Katrina’s Patient: 74 y.o. caucasian female -Before Diagnosis: • Healthy, varied diet, active lifestyle, non-smoker • Strong Family Hx: mother, sister, brother, nephew • Diagnosed in ‘07 after routine colonoscopy and immediate surgery • Started chemo shortly after • Became severely sick 5m. later= extreme wt. loss • Food aversions: fruit & meat • Nutritional advice from nurse b/c of wt. loss; 3m. break in treatment w/ routine scans during • Cancer metastasized to lungs, lung punctured during biopsy= pain & loss of appetite • Put back on chemo since • Persistent cough treated by radiation to throat= swallowing problems • Original GI symptoms returned, lung tumor remains same size • Currently, no food aversions

  14. References •  1. What is cancer? [Internet] [updated 2012 Mar 21; cited 2014 Feb 1]. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/what-is-cancer • 2. Kushi LH, Doyle, C, McCullough M, Rock CL, Denmark-Wahnefried W, Bandera EV, Gapstur S, Patel AV, Andrews K, Gansler T, The American Cancer Society 2010 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. American cancer society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing activity of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012; 62: 30-67. • 3. Deng SX, An W, Gao J, Yin J, Cai QC, Yang M, Hong SY, Fu XX, Yu ED, Xu XD, Zhu W, Li ZS. Factors influencing diagnosis of colorectal cancer: a hospital-based survey in China. J Dig Dis. 2012 Oct; 13(10):517-524. • 4. Diagnostic tests for breast conditions [Internet] [updated 2012 Jul 13; cited 2014 Feb 1]. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/forwomenfacingabreastbiopsy/breast-biopsy-diagnostic-tests-used • 5. Smith JL, Malinauskas BM, Garner KJ, Barber-Heidal K. Factors contributing to weight loss, nutrition-related concerns and advice received by adults undergoing cancer treatment. Adv Med Sci. 2008; 53(2):198-204. • 6. Nutrition for the person with cancer during treatment: a guide for patients and families. American Cancer Society. 2012 Mar. • 7. Huhn S, Bevier M, Rudolph A, Pardini B, Naccarati A, Hein R, Hoffmeister M, Vodickova L, Novotny, Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Hemminki K, Vodiska P, Forsti A. Shared ancestral susceptibility to colorectal cancer and other nutrition related diseases. BMC Med Genet. 2012; 13(1): 94-105. • Cover Photograph: http://doitandhow.com/2011/07/14/cancer-ribbon-color-chart/

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