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Post-Impressionism: A Shift from Objectivity to Subjectivity

Explore the art movement of Post-Impressionism, which emerged as a reaction to Impressionism, seeking to translate and interpret nature through personal feelings. Discover the two wings of Post-Impressionism and the works of prominent artists like Gauguin, Van Gogh, Seurat, and Cézanne.

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Post-Impressionism: A Shift from Objectivity to Subjectivity

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  1. Monet, Sailboats at Argenteuil, 1874 Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881 IMPRESSIONISM

  2. POST-IMPRESSIONISM Term coined in 1910 for art that comes “after” Impressionism. Dissatisfied with merely transcribing or reproducing nature, Post-Impressionists sought to translate or interpret it, modifying their observations of nature by their personal feelings about it. Thus there is a shift from objectivity, where the impulse comes from the object, to subjectivity, where the impulse comes from the subject—that is, from the artist. Note Gauguin’s revealing statement that “I shut my eyes in order to see.”

  3. POST-IMPRESSIONISM To simplify matters, it can be said that Post-Impressionism has two wings: • a “left wing,” comprising artists like Gauguin and Van Gogh, who found Impressionism unsatisfactory because it lacked emotion, imagination, and spirituality; and • a “right wing,” including Seurat and Cézanne, who found Impressionism unsatisfactory because it seemed to lack a sense of order, permanence, discipline, and timelessness.

  4. Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881 Paul Gauguin, The Vision after the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel), 1888 POST-IMPRESSIONISM IMPRESSIONISM

  5. Gauguin, 1888 Degas, At the Theater, 1881 POST-IMPRESSIONISM IMPRESSIONISM

  6. Gauguin, 1888 Map of France, including Brittany

  7. Gauguin, The Day of the God, 1894 (painted on the Polynesian island of Tahiti, in the South Pacific) In 1891 Gauguin went to live in Tahiti, in order (as he put it) “to immerse myself in virgin nature, see no one but savages, live their life with no other thought in mind but to render, the way a child would, the concepts formed in my brain . . . and to do so with nothing but the primitive means of art, the only means that are good and true.”

  8. Gauguin, The Day of the God, 1894

  9. Vincent Van Gogh (1853-90) Self-Portrait, 1889

  10. Van Gogh, The Potato Eaters, 1885 About this crude but famous painting of a family of Belgian coal miners, Van Gogh wrote: “I have tried to emphasize that these people, eating their potatoes by lamplight, have dug the earth with those very hands they put in the dish, and so it speaks of manual labor, and how they have honestly earned their food.”

  11. Van Gogh, The Potato Eaters, 1885 Daumier, Third-Class Carriage, 1863-65

  12. The Potato Eaters The color scheme of the painting has been described by a recent critic as “manure brown,” or “the brown of dusty spuds”! Detail: note the thick impasto

  13. Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889

  14. Starry Night, 1889 Self-Portrait, 1889

  15. Starry Night Detail

  16. Van Gogh Monet, detail of Sailboats at Argenteuil

  17. Van Gogh, detail of Starry Night Detail of a painting by Seurat (Seurat’s style goes by several different names: Neo-Impressionism, Divisionism, and—most popularly—Pointillism.)

  18. Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884-86

  19. Seurat, Grande Jatte, 1884-86 Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881

  20. Grande Jatte Detail

  21. Grande Jatte Detail

  22. Grande Jatte Detail: trombone player and soldiers

  23. Grande Jatte Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera

  24. Paul Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire (different example), c. 1900 Paul Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibémus Quarry, c. 1897

  25. Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire Photograph of Mont Saint-Victoire

  26. Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire Detail

  27. Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire Seen from Bibémus Quarry Detail

  28. Detail rotated 90º Detail

  29. Cézanne, The Bathers, 1906 (and detail)

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