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Richard Goldman August 21, 2007

Module 11 Perceptual Organization: Constructing Our View of the World Chapter 3, Pages 121-137 Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110 Psychology. Richard Goldman August 21, 2007. Perception. The receiving of a stimulus by a sense organs.

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Richard Goldman August 21, 2007

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  1. Module 11Perceptual Organization:Constructing Our View of the WorldChapter 3, Pages 121-137Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth EditionPSY110 Psychology Richard Goldman August 21, 2007

  2. Perception • The receiving of a stimulus by a sense organs • Process that our brain uses to make meaning of what it senses

  3. Gestalt Laws of Organization • Gestalts = patterns • Ways of organizing pieces of information • Closure • Proximity • Similarity • Simplicity • Sensations are put together to make something more meaningful than the separate elements

  4. Feature Analysis • Physiological process of the actual sensing and processing of shapes and edges to identify what we see • 36 fundamental components of shapes • Horizontal Line • Vertical Line • Diagonal Line • Right Curved Line • Left Curved Line • Etc...

  5. Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processing • Top-Down processing – guided by higher level knowledge, experience, expectations, and motivations and the use of contextual clues • Bottom-UP processing – processing of the individual components (feature analysis) of what we see

  6. Perceptual Constancy • The brain takes into consideration distance when viewing an object

  7. Depth Perception • Binocular disparity – produces 3D image allowing dept perception • Motion Parallax – Relative position of close objects seem to change faster that far objects • Relative size – Larger objects appear closer • Texture Gradient – Less detail object appear to be farther away • Linear perspective – Parallel lines appear to converge as distance increases • Motion perception – Change in size or change in position relative to observer

  8. Size Constancy

  9. Muller-Lyer Illusion

  10. Are the horizontal lines parallel or do they slope?

  11. Perceptual Illusions • Contextual clues some times lead us to inaccurate perceptions • M. C. Escher Waterfall, 1961

  12. Woman or Saxophone Player?

  13. Subliminal Perception • Perception of messages which we have no awareness • No reliable evidence to support this effect

  14. ESP • Extra Sensory Perception • No reliable research to support claims

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