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Status of Neutrino Experiments

This workshop presentation discusses the results and future prospects of neutrino experiments such as SuperKamiokande, K2K, MINOS, and OPERA. Topics covered include atmospheric neutrinos, tau appearance, measurements of neutrino flux, oscillation hypotheses, and detector designs.

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Status of Neutrino Experiments

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  1. Status of LBL Neutrino Experiments Caren Hagner Universität Hamburg • SK atmospheric neutrinos, confirmation by K2K • MINOS • OPERA • (Future: T2K and Nova) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  2. SuperKamiokande Atmospheric Neutrino Results L/E Analysis (PRL 93 (2004) 101801),Best Fit:sin22θ = 1.02 Δm2 = 2.4×10-3 eV2 Full SK-I data set, 90% CL (hep-ex/0501064): sin22θ > 0.92 1.5·10-3 eV2<Δm2<3.4·10-3 eV2 Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  3. SuperKamiokande • Analysis for vτ appearance:SK-I data setvτCC (≈ 63% DIS, Ev > 3.5 GeV) hadronic τ-decays (≈ 65%)Primary background:atm. v producing multiple π’s • Statistical discriminationof signal vs background:Likelihood & neural network techniques No tau appearance excluded @ 2.4σ “A Measurement of Atm. Neutrino Flux Consistent with Tau Neutrino Appearance”, PRL 97,171801 (2006) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  4. K2K no oscill oscill, best fit: sin2 2θ=1.0,Δm2=2.8·10-3eV2 "Measurement of Neutrino Oscillation by the K2K Experiment"The K2K collaboration, M. H. Ahn et al, hep-ex/0606032, Phys. Rev. D 74, 072003 (2006) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  5. MINOS Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  6. MINOS Detectors Far Detector Near Detector 5.4 ktons, 8830m484 steel/scintillator planes 1 kton, 4515m 282 steel, 153 scintillator planes Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  7. nm CC Event ne CC Event MINOS: Event Topologies NC Event UZ VZ 3.5m 1.8m 2.3m long m track+ hadronic activity at vertex short event, often diffuse short, with typical EM shower profile

  8. > 2.5 x 1020 pot 1.27 x 1020 pot Record intensity! 4 x 1013 pot/spill POT/Spill (x1012) Time MINOS-NuMi Beam 1st year result Year 2 Shutdown Special Runs Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  9. MINOS Results: Fit to Oscillation Hypothesis Measurement errors are 1σ, 1 DOF Fit constrained to sin2(2θ)≤1 (for 1.27·1020pot) "Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam," hep-ex/0607088Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 191801 (2006) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  10. Fit includes penalty terms for three main systematic uncertainties Fit is constrained to physical region: sin2(2θ23)≤1 MINOS: Allowed Regions Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  11. MINOS: Future Sensitivity Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  12. Low Multiplicity High Multiplicity MINOS – Future Prospects • Compare Near/Far NC energy spectrum. Sensitive to νμ→νsterile, ν decay. • First: Understand NC spectrum in near detector. • NC events prone to intensity related reco issues • Study spills with a lot of events, and spills with fewer events Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  13. MINOS: Neutrino Time of Flight Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  14. OPERA FIRST BEAM in August 2006 LNGS 732 km (2.44ms) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  15. OPERA: CNGS beam 400GeV p on graphite target 4.5·1019pot/year Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  16. τ- vτ τ-decay: W p,n hadrons 1 mm t- μ- nτ Hadrons Lead Emulsions OPERA: Detection of vτ Typical topology of τ-decay:“Kink” within 1mm from vertex Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  17. OPERA Target: Lead/Emulsion Bricks 10X0 8kg Lead/Emulsion Brick(total ≈ 200000) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  18. Supermodule 1 Supermodule 2 OPERA - Detector Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  19. Target Region:- Target Tracker (Scintillator) - Lead/Emulsion Bricks (100.000 per Supermodule) OPERA - Detector Supermodule 1 Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  20. μ v X B B Magnet-Region:Iron &RPC Planes Precision Tracker:6 Planes of Drifttubes OPERA - Detector Supermodule 1 Target Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  21.  decay channel Signal Background Δm2 = 2.4·10-3 eV2 Δm2 = 3.0·10-3 eV2  µ 3.6 5.6 0.23  e 4.3 6.7 0.23  h 3.8 5.9 0.32  3h 1.1 1.7 0.22 ALL 12.8 19.9 1.0 OPERA: Expected Signal full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5x1019 p.o.t. / year Event rates (~1.7 Kton, 4.5·1019 pot/year) ~ 6200 events/year (CC+NC) ~ 30 events/day (CC+NC) ~ 25 vτ CC events/year (for Δm2 =2.4·10-3eV2) Main background sources: - charm production and decays - hadron re-interactions in lead - large-angle μ scattering in lead Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  22. OPERA – Physics Potential Minos 90% CL 4σ discovery probability % Δm2 in 10-2 eV2 Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  23. suction cup vehicle OPERA – Brick Manipulating System Loading Station Robot to insert/extract bricks Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  24. BAM at LNGS OPERA – Brick Assembly Machine • Lead/Emulsion bricks are assembled underground in GS • Darkroom • 5 robotized parallel stations Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  25. OPERA: Brick Filling • Opera brick filling started • Must improve speed of BAM,BMS, coordination lead production-BAM-BMS. • O(2000) bricks inserted • All bricks inserted:March 2008 But, at the moment: Only 75% of emulsion films funded Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  26. Pot vs Time Ev. vs Time OPERA: First CNGS Beam • Run August 2006:7.6·1017pot (1.7·1013pot/extraction, 70% of nominal intensity)319 events in time with beam (300 expected) • Run October 2006:0.6·1017pot (1.2·1013pot/extraction)stopped because of water leak in reflector • Electronic Detectors only (No lead/emulsion bricks) August 2006 August 2006 Opera Coll., New J. Phys. 8 (2006) 303 Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  27. OPERA: Origin of Beam Events Spectrometer 1 Spectrometer 2 Target1 Target2 68 % 5 % 11% 7.5% 1 % 0.3 % rock muons 0.6 % 1 % uncertain : 8.5 % Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  28. Direction of CNGS neutrino beam 3.5o Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  29. CNGS beam direction measurement μzenith angle y qy >0 z qy <0 August Run result: <> = 3.4 ± 0.3 degrees Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  30. CNGS beam timing measurement Event selection via GPS timing information 10.5 μs 10.5 μs 50 ms Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  31. OPERA CNGS beam events vCC in rock (rock muon) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  32. OPERA: real event vCC in target tracker Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  33. OPERA vCC in Magnet Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  34. OPERA vNC candidate Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  35. OPERA μ bundle (cosmics) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  36. prelim. - CNGS August Run: μ momentum RPC’s in magnet region (Here: only RPC’swill improve with drifttubes) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  37. Normalization Check: vμCC in Magnet • Trigger + On Time + μ Id (> 10 RPC plane) + vertex in magnet OR first 2 TT + fid. Vol. • no χ2 cut on μ track August + October: Data = 36 ± 6 MC = 29.9 October only: Data = 1 MC = 2.2 vert. angle (rad) • vCC in magnets selection efficiency 52% • very pure sample, NC contamination 4% (1,1 event) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  38. 10 m 1 m Changeable sheets changeable cheet doublet(CS)  1st emulsion sheet brick 2nd emulsion sheet Brick 100 m Target Tracker Connection CS – Target Tracker Angular difference betw. prediction/found track <10 mrad (dominated by electronic detector resolution) Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  39. OPERA Future Plans CNGS: • CNGS Beam in 2007:repairs at horn/reflectorbeam in september/october possible (1.2-1.6·1019pot/day) • CNGS Beam in 2008:4.09·1019pot (extraction intensity 4.4·1013pot) • Multi turn extraction scheme (virtually loss less) Detector: Brick filling started, ready for next phase: Waiting for first neutrino interaction in emulsions… Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  40. End Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  41. Leaking Drain Connection Outer conductor (Al) Ceramic insulator (500V) (brazed to the Ti joints) Clamps for vapor tightness Titanium joints Rupture point – leak!! Bellows to give (some) flexibility Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

  42. Radial beam profile at Gran Sasso Caren Hagner – LAUNCH Workshop Heidelberg 23.3.2007

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