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The Mole

The Mole. Measurement of Matter. Measuring Matter. How do we measure matter? Count, Mass, or Volume Counting: 1 dozen apples = 12 apples Mass: 1 dz. Apples = 2.0 kg apples Volume: 1 dz. Apples = 0.20 bushels apples. Unit Conversions.

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The Mole

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  1. The Mole Measurement of Matter

  2. Measuring Matter • How do we measure matter? • Count, Mass, or Volume • Counting: 1 dozen apples = 12 apples • Mass: 1 dz. Apples = 2.0 kg apples • Volume: 1 dz. Apples = 0.20 bushels apples

  3. Unit Conversions • Relating to a dozen allows you to convert between the units • Unit Conversion Factors

  4. What is the Mole? A counting number (like a dozen) Avogadro’s number (NA) 1 mol = 6.02  1023 items

  5. Size of Moles • 1 mole of pennies would cover the Earth 1/4 mile deep! • 1 mole of hockey pucks would equal the mass of the moon! • 1 mole of basketballs would fill a bag the size of the earth!

  6. Molar Mass Mass of 1 mole of an element or compound. Atomic mass tells the... atomic mass units per atom (amu) grams per mole (g/mol)

  7. Molar Mass Examples carbon aluminum zinc 12.01 g/mol 26.98 g/mol 65.39 g/mol

  8. Molar Mass Examples water sodium chloride • H2O • 2(1.01) + 16.00 = 18.02 g/mol • NaCl • 22.99 + 35.45 = 58.44 g/mol

  9. Molar Mass Examples sodium bicarbonate sucrose • NaHCO3 • 22.99 + 1.01 + 12.01 + 3(16.00) = 84.01 g/mol • C12H22O11 • 12(12.01) + 22(1.01) + 11(16.00) = 342.34 g/mol

  10. Molar Conversions MASS IN GRAMS MOLES NUMBER OF PARTICLES molar mass 6.02  1023 (g/mol) (particles/mol)

  11. Molar Conversion Examples How many moles of carbon are in 26 g of carbon? 26 g C 1 mol C 12.01 g C = 2.2 mol C

  12. Molar Conversion Examples How many molecules are in 2.50 moles of C12H22O11? 6.02  1023 molecules 1 mol 2.50 mol = 1.51  1024 molecules C12H22O11

  13. Molar Conversion Examples Find the mass of 2.1  1024 molecules of NaHCO3. 2.1  1024 molecules 1 mol 6.02  1023 molecules 84.01 g 1 mol = 290 g NaHCO3

  14. The Mole and Avogadro’s Number • Mole: unit for defining a group of atoms • Avogadro’s number = 6.022 x 1023 • 1 mole of atoms = 6.022 x 1023 atoms • Molar mass - The mass (g) of 1 mole of atoms • What is the molar mass of carbon? 12.01 g/mol C • One mole of any element contains the same number of atoms, 6.022 x 1023, Avogadro’s number

  15. Practice Calculations • Calculate the number of atoms in 1.7 moles of boron. • Find the mass in grams of 2.5 mol Na (sodium). • Calculate the number of atoms in 5.0 g aluminum. • Calculate the mass of 5,000,000 atoms of Au (gold)

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