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Francisco Castejón franciscostejon@ciemat.es CIEMAT As coordinator of NA4-Fusion:

Fusion activities in the GRID (na4-egeeII). Francisco Castejón francisco.castejon@ciemat.es CIEMAT As coordinator of NA4-Fusion: SW-Federation (CIEMAT, BIFI, UCM, INTA -Spain-), Russian Federation (Kurchatov Institute -Russia-), CEA (France), ENEA (Italy), Culham (UK), Korea (KISTI).

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Francisco Castejón franciscostejon@ciemat.es CIEMAT As coordinator of NA4-Fusion:

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  1. Fusion activities in the GRID (na4-egeeII) Francisco Castejón francisco.castejon@ciemat.es CIEMAT As coordinator of NA4-Fusion: SW-Federation (CIEMAT, BIFI, UCM, INTA -Spain-), Russian Federation (Kurchatov Institute -Russia-), CEA (France), ENEA (Italy), Culham (UK), Korea (KISTI) User Forum 2006

  2. Outline • Motivation: Fusion on the GRID. • Data storage and handling. • Fusion Deployment and VO setup. • Applications: Computing in Plasma Physics. • Future Applications in the grid. • Final Remarks. User Forum 2006

  3. Motivation • Large Nuclear Fusion installations: International Cooperation among several Institutes. • Generate ~ 1-10 GB/sec. Less than 30% of data goes into processing. • Distributed data storage and handling needed. • Massive Distributed Calculation: A new way of solving problems. (Physics Problems still without solution). • Fusion community (Science and Technology) needs new IT approaches to increase research productivity. User Forum 2006

  4. Pulse Preparation Simulation Modelling Data Acquisition Real-time control Data Analysis Data Management International Project Remote Participation IT Security Nuclear Registered Site JET - Pulse Supercomputers User Forum 2006

  5. ITER: Making decisions in real Time !! Data Analysis and Reduction: Artificial Intelligence, Neural Network, Pattern Recognition Simulations: Large codes in different platforms (Grid, Supercomputers) Data Acquisition and Storage (Grid, Supercomputers) Decision for present/next shot One half an hour shot every one and half an hour: Decisions in real time. NA4-Catania, 2006

  6. ITERPartners Distributed Participation. Data access. Remote Control Rooms? User Forum 2006

  7. Storage: • Large data flux: 104 sensors x 20-50 kHz sampling= • 1-10 GBy per second raw data • x 0.5 h= 3 TBy per shot in ITER every 1,5 h • Supercomputing and Grid Computing --> • Data Storage: Scratch and permanent. • Data Access & Sharing in Large Cooperative Experiments: • A unified representation for experimental data native storages that LCG-2/gLite CE middleware could understand is needed. • (get and put the data files from and into the storage). • Storage should allow to do some basic processing: neural network, clustering… DATA HANDLING NA4-Catania, 2006

  8. Communications Remote Participation tools: Data Access Local Visualization Video Conferences and Chats Remote Control SECURITY & ROBUSTNESS User Forum 2006

  9. PARTNERS and Resources for VO • SW Federation: CIEMAT, BIFI, UCM, INTA (Spain) • Kurchatov (Russia). • Culham Laboratory- UKAEA (UK) • KISTI (South Korea). • ENEA (Italy). • CEA (France). Experience in using and developing Fusion Applications. Experience in porting applications and developing Grid Technologies. --> Connection with EELA (Some fusion partners: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina) User Forum 2006

  10. VO Deployment http://grid.bifi.unizar.es/egee/fusion-vo/ http://www-fusion.ciemat.es/collaboration/egee/ • Present: CIEMAT: 27 KSpecInts; BIFI: 8 KSpecInts; INTA: 6 nodes • Within less than 6 months: JET: 38 KSpecInts; BIFI: 32 KSpecInts; CEA-Cadarache ? KISTI?, INTA?, ENEA? • Beginning of 2007: JET: 32 adtional cores; BIFI: 32 additional cores; CIEMAT ?; CEA-Cadarache ?(second phase already committed). project-eu-egee-na4-fusion-applications@cern.ch User Forum 2006

  11. COMPUTING in the GRID: Present Applications • Applications with distributed calculations: Monte Carlo, Separate estimates, … • Multiple Ray Tracing: e. g. TRUBA. • Stellarator Optimization: VMEC • Transport and Kinetic Theory: Monte Carlo Codes. User Forum 2006

  12. Multiple Ray Tracing: TRUBA Beam Simulation: Bunch of rays with beam waist far from the critical layer (100-200 rays) Bunch of rays with beam waist close to the critical layer (100-200 rays) x (100-200 wave numbers) ~105 GRID PROBLEM Single Ray (1 PE): Hamiltonian Ray Tracing Equations. User Forum 2006

  13. TRUBA: Multiple Ray Tracing Different results with the two approximations. (Also useful tool for looking for Optimum Launching Position in complex devices) TRUBA for EBW: Collaboration between IOFAN and CIEMAT. Useful for all Institutes with EBW heating (Culham, Princeton, Greifswald, CIEMAT,…) User Forum 2006

  14. TRUBA: Multiple Ray Tracing • TRUBA for EBW: • Cylinder geometry: A single Non-relativistic ray (tens of sec.) • Real geometry in TJ-II:Coming from a supercomputer (VMEC). • A single Non-relativistic ray (about 18’). • A single relativistic ray (about 40’). • Some problems with Geometry libraries. • See: • J. L. Vázquez-Poleti. “Massive Ray Tracing in Fusion Plasmas on EGEE”. User Forum, 2006. User Forum 2006

  15. Stellarator Optimization: Choosing the best concept LHD: R= 3.75 m; a= 0.65 m, M=10, l=2. TJ-II: R= 1.5 m; a= 0.2 m, M=4, l=1. User Forum 2006 CHS: R= 1 m; a= 0.2 m; M=8; l=2. HSX: R=1.2 m; a=0.15 m

  16. Optimised Stellarators QPS and NCSX Supercomputer Optimization QPS NCSX User Forum 2006

  17. The importance of Stellaratoroptimization. • Design of new Plasma Physics-Fusion devices under complex exigencies.OPTIMIZATION NECESITY BASED ON KNOWLEDGE OF STELLARATOR PHYSICS.Many Labs looking for the optimized device. User Forum 2006

  18. Stellaratoroptimization in the Grid Coils producing field confining the plasma may be optimised numerically by variation of the field parameters. • A lot of different Magnetic Configurations operating nowadays. OPTIMIZATION NECESITY BASED ON KNOWLEDGE OF STELLARATOR PHYSICS.Every variant computed on a separate processor (~10’)VMEC (Variational Momentum Equilibrium Code)120 Fourier parameters are varied. User Forum 2006

  19. Optimization Criteria: Target Functions Neoclassical Transport.- Bootstrap current.- Equilibrium vs. plasma pressure.- Stability (Balloning, Mercier,…) Partícle trajectories in W7-X • Genetic Algorithm to detect the optimum configuration for given criteria. Target Functions can be modified. User Forum 2006

  20. VMEC on Kurchatov GRID • LCG-2 - based Russian Data Intensive Grid consortium resources. • About 7.500 cases computed (about 1.500 was not VMEC-computable, i.e. no equilibrium). • Each case took about 20 minutes. • Up to 70 simultaneous jobs running on the grid. • See: V. Voznesensky. “Genetic Stellarator Optimisations in Grid”. User Forum, 2006. User Forum 2006

  21. KineticTransport • Following independent particle orbits • Montecarlo techniques: Particles distributed according to experimental density and ion temperature profiles (Maxwellian distribution function) • SUITABLE PROBLEM FOR CLUSTER AND GRID TECHNOLOGIES User Forum 2006

  22. KineticTransport Example of orbit in the real 3D TJ-II Geometry (single PE). ~1 GBy data, 24 h x 512 PE Distribution function of parallel velocity at a given position (Data Analysis). User Forum 2006

  23. Kinetic transport No collisions: 0.5 ms of trajectory takes 1 sec. CPU.. Collisions: 1 ms of trajectory takes 4 sec CPU. Particle life: 150 - 200 ms. Single particle ~ 10 min. Necessary statistics for TJ-II 107 particles. User Forum 2006

  24. Kinetic transport: The application Read from disk: Input file (“input.lis”): Number of files. Number of trajectories in each file (may be divided in blocks inside the file). (total statistics = number of files x number of trajectories per file) Length of each trajectory. Integration algorithm and time discretization. Number of measures in time. Temperature of backgroud electrons and ions. Random seed. Initial distribution (in space and velocity space). Model used, including or not: Collisions with backgroud ions. Electric field. T-density dependence. Starting point according to a (space) distribution function (“perfil_densidad.in”). Magnetic configuration (~ 20 MB file -> stored at the Fusion VO catalog) (“42_100_68.c3d”) Magnetic field and derivatives. Magnetic coordinates -> electric field. Distance to the vaccum chamber. Measurement times (“tiempos.lis”) NA4-Catania, 2006

  25. Written on disk: • “Raw” data ( “OUT????.DAT”) • “Pictures” of the plasma at fixed times (persistence, total energy, kinetic energy, components of the velocity ...) • “Points” of escape of the particle from the TJ-II (according to several different criteria) • ~ 0.9 KB / traj. (typically 1000 traj. / file -> ~ 900 KB) • writen every ~1 hour • Histograms (“OUT????.HIS”) • Runtime histograms of serveral magnitudes (energies, componentes of velocity, fluxes ...) as a function of spacial coordinates (rho, phi, theta) • ~ 0.16 KB / traj. (typically 1000 traj. / file -> ~160 KB) • writen every ~1 hour • Debug (“RUNTIME.DAT”) • Measurements at the end of the trajectories, just for check • ~ 0.2 KB / file OUT???.DAT • updated with every new OUT???.DAT (typically 1000 files -> ~200 KB) • Individual trajectories (“ty_??_??_??.dat”) • Complete information of each trajectory (time, position, velocity ...) • from ~10 MB to ~ GB / traj. depends on the length of the trajectory -> just for debug Total disk space = ~ 1.3 GB User Forum 2006

  26. COMPUTING in the GRID: Future applications • EDGE2D Application for tokamaks • Transport Analysis of multiple shots (typically 104 shots) or Predictive Transport with multiple models: e. g. ASTRA. CIEMAT(Spa) + IPP(Ger) + Kurchatov(Rus) + EFDA(UE) + … • Neutral Particle Dynamics: EIRENE: CIEMAT(Spa) + IPP(Ger) User Forum 2006

  27. JET – Flagship of Worldwide Fusion: EDGE2D Equilibrium code. User Forum 2006

  28. EDGE2D: Determine plasma shape from Measurements: Plasma current, Pressure, Magnetic field… Cross section of present EU D-shaped tokamaks compared to the ITER project • EDGE2D code solves the 2 D fluid equations for the conservation of energy, momentum and particles in the plasma edge region. • Ions, electrons and all ionisation stages of multiple species are considered. • Interaction with the vessel walls is simulated by coupling to monte-carlo codes, to provide the neutral ion and impurity sources. User Forum 2006

  29. Massive Transport Calculations For Instance: Enhanced heat Confinement in TJ-II. Lower heat diffusivity for low electron density and high absorbed power density. A different case on every PE. User Forum 2006

  30. EIRENECode Trayectory of a He atom in TJ-II. Vertical and horizontal proyections. It starts in the green point and is absorbed in the plasma by an ionization process. The real 3D geometry of TJ-II vacuum chamber is considerd. User Forum 2006

  31. EIRENECode Radial profile of atoms of He in TJ-II plasmas. An average on every magnetic surface has been done Radial profile of atoms of H in TJ-II Two parts: 1) Following trajectories (Totally distributed) --> GRID 2) Reduction to put all together. EIRENE Code comes from IPP (Jülich, Germany) and is extensively used by Fusion community. User Forum 2006

  32. Final Remarks • GRID technologies will enhance Fusion Research: computing and data handling. • GRID technologies will win visibility when applied to large Fusion Experiments (like ITER). • Demonstration effect: If Fusion-Grid is succesful, GRID technologies will be extensively used by Fusion Community in the future. • FIRST APPLICATIONS ARE RUNNING IN THE GRID. User Forum 2006

  33. NA4-Catania, 2006

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