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Artificial Gravity

Artificial Gravity. Centrifuge. A centrifuge spins to create an artificial gravity. Liquid separation Pilot training Amusement rides. Fake Gravity. The centripetal force is like an elevator accelerating upward. F net = ma r = F N The net force must be due to a normal force.

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Artificial Gravity

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  1. Artificial Gravity

  2. Centrifuge • A centrifuge spins to create an artificial gravity. • Liquid separation • Pilot training • Amusement rides

  3. Fake Gravity • The centripetal force is like an elevator accelerating upward. • Fnet = mar = FN • The net force must be due to a normal force. • Experience as weight • If rw2 = g then it matches earth’s gravity. Satellite a F • Artificial gravity is a fictitious force

  4. Gravitron • The Gravitron is an amusement ride that uses centripetal force. • Rotates at 24 rpm • Diameter is 14 m

  5. Centripetal Correction • The spin of the earth creates a centripetal acceleration toward the axis of the earth. • The effect is like accelerating down in an elevator. • Items weigh less at the equator. a = w2r

  6. Orbital Force • Newton’s law of acceleration applies to orbits. • Centripetal acceleration times mass is the force of gravity • The situation is the same for the satellite or any object in the satellite. orbital velocity Satellite or astronaut F a centripetal acceleration Earth

  7. The net force of an object in circular orbit matches the centripetal acceleration. This is the same for a freely falling object. Velocity does not change the force or acceleration. Free Fall v Fnet a a = g Fnet = mg v Earth

  8. Weightlessness • Objects in free fall exert no normal force. • Fnet = -ma = -mg + FN • If a = g, FN = 0 • The same is true in orbit. • Fnet = mar = Fgrav + FN • If ar = Fgrav/m, FN = 0 • Objects in orbit are weightless.

  9. Tidal Gravity • The Moon’s gravity is strongest at the closest point. • Near face ocean pulled most • Far face ocean pulled least • Sides pulled slightly in Moon’s gravity Moon Earth

  10. Ocean Tides • From Earth a person doesn’t sense the Moon’s pull. • Near and far faces of the ocean bulge away • Sides are pulled slightly in • Tides occur twice a day as Earth rotates. Moon’s tidal pull Moon Earth

  11. On a turntable a pendulum doesn’t appear to swing straight. Table turns the observer Fictitious force The deflection is called the Coriolis force. Pendulum Swing Fcor Fcor

  12. Cyclone • In the absence of rotation air would move from high to low pressure. • Straight line wind • The Coriolis force causes wind to turn. • Friction causes equilibrium • Circular wind pattern around low L L

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