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MLA Format: Basic Rules of Citation and Examples

Learn why we cite references, the format for MLA essays, different types of citations, and examples. Includes works cited examples.

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MLA Format: Basic Rules of Citation and Examples

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  1. Complex Process Essays Works Cited

  2. Main Points • Why do we cite our references? • Format on this specific essay • Different types of citations • Examples • Location

  3. Basic Rules of Citation in MLA Format • Make the first line of each entry in your list flush left with the margin. Every line after that should be indented one-half inch (a tab). • Double space all entries, with no skipped spaces between entries.

  4. Remember that underlining and italics are the same thing. Use one or the other throughout your essay. • Alphabetize the list of works cited by the first word in each entry (usually the author's last name)

  5. Books Author(s). Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999.

  6. Book with a corporate author American Allergy Association. Allergies in Children. New York: Random, 1998. Book or article with no author named Encyclopedia of Indiana. New York: Somerset, 1993. Article from a reference book "Jamaica." Encyclopedia Britannica. 1999 ed.

  7. An article in a periodical (such as a newspaper or magazine) Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Source Day Month Year: pages.

  8. Example of Article in a Periodical Buchman, Dana. "A Special Education." Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: 143-8. Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too- Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71.

  9. Newspaper article Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured Patients." Washington Post 24 May 2007: LZ01. Krugman, Andrew. "Fear of Eating." New York Times 21 May 2007 late ed.: A1.

  10. A web site Author(s). Name of Page. Date of Posting/Revision. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site. Date of Access <electronic address>. • You must include the date of access because the information changes so frequently on the internet. Also, note the use of angled brackets around the electronic address; MLA requires them for clarity.

  11. Web site examples Felluga, Dino. Undergraduate Guide to Literary Theory. 17 Dec. 1999. Purdue University. 15 Nov. 2000 <http://omni.cc.purdue.edu%7Efelluga/theory2.html>. Purdue Online Writing Lab. 2003. Purdue University. 10 Feb. 2003 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu>.

  12. An article on a web site Author(s). "Article Title." Name of website. Date of posting/revision. Name of institution/organization affiliated with site. Date of access <electronic address>.

  13. Article on a web site Poland, Dave. "The Hot Button." Roughcut. 26 Oct. 1998. Turner Network Television. 28 Oct. 1998. <http://www.roughcut.com>. "Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Format." Purdue Online Writing Lab. 2003. Purdue University. 6 Feb. 2003. <http://owl.english.purdue.eduhandouts/research/r_mla.html>.

  14. More Examples "Caret." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 28 April 2006. 10 May 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caret&oldid=157510440>. "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow.com. 10 May 2006 <http://www.ehow.com/how_10727_make-vegetarian-chili.html>. Stolley, Karl. "MLA Formatting and Style Guide."The OWL at Purdue. 10 May 2006. PurdueUniversity Writing Lab. 12 May 2006 <http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/>.

  15. Article from an Electronic Database • Author. "Title of Article." Periodical Name Volume Number (if available) Publication Date: page number-page number. Database name. Service name. Library Name, City, State. Date of access <electronic address of the database>.

  16. Examples Smith, Martin. "World Domination for Dummies." Journal of Despotry Feb. 2000: 66-72. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale Group Databases. Purdue University Libraries, West Lafayette, IN. 19 Feb. 2003 <http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com>.

  17. Erdosh, George. “Ice Cream’s Secret Ingredient.” Christian Science Monitor 7 Jun. 2005. Sirs Discoverer. ProQuest, LLC. Beresford High School Library, Beresford, SD. 26 Feb. 2007 <http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com/discoweb/disco/do/frontpage>.

  18. Web addresses for common services • Sirs Discoverer on the Web: • http://discoverer.sirs.com/ • Sirs Researcher • http://sks.sirs.com • Proquest • http://proquest.umi.com

  19. Pictures from the Internet Artist if available. "Description or title of image." Date of image. Title of larger site. Date of download <electronic address>. Smith, Greg. "Rhesus Monkeys in the Zoo." Monkey Picture Gallery. 3 May 2003 <http://monkeys.online.org/rhesus.jpg>.

  20. brandychloe. Great Horned Owl Family. 22 May 2006 <http://image46.webshots.com/ 47/7/17/41/347171741bgVWdN_fs.jpg>.

  21. Interview that you conducted Name. Personal Interview. Day Month Year. Purdue, Pete. Personal Interview. 1 Dec. 2000.

  22. Works Cited Using Modern Language Association (MLA) Format." Purdue Online Writing Lab. 2004. Purdue University. 26 Feb. 2008 <http://owl.english.purdue.eduhandouts/research/r_mla.html>.

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