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History and Theology

History and Theology. Christmastide in Roman Rite. 25 December [Christmas] = winter solstice festival / Feast of the Unconquered Sun Vigil of Christmas = Matthew 1:1-25 Christmas Midnight = Luke 2:1-4 [Mary Major] Christmas Dawn = Luke 2:15-20 [St. Anastasia / Papal Chapel]

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History and Theology

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  1. History and Theology

  2. Christmastide in Roman Rite • 25 December [Christmas] = winter solstice festival / Feast of the Unconquered Sun • Vigil of Christmas = Matthew 1:1-25 • Christmas Midnight = Luke 2:1-4 [Mary Major] • Christmas Dawn = Luke 2:15-20 [St. Anastasia / Papal Chapel] • Christmas Day = John 1:1-18 [Lateran]

  3. January 1 • Mary, Mother of God • Octave of Christmas • Circumcision of Jesus • Holy Name of Jesus • World Day of Prayer for Peace

  4. January 6 = Epiphany • Manifestation to the Gentiles = Visit of the Magi (or transferred to Sunday) • Manifestation as Son of God = Baptism of the Lord (1st Sunday of the Year, All Cycles) • Manifestation as Fulfillment of History = Wedding Feast at Cana (2nd Sunday of the Year, Cycle A)

  5. Sundays after Christmas • Feast of the Holy Family [20th C CE] • Second Sunday after Christmas

  6. December 8 = Preliminary Incarnational Feast = Immaculate Conception • 8th C CE = Feast of St. Anne’s Conception of Mary (East) • 9th C CE = beginning at Naples spreads to West (focus on God’s favor to St. Anne) • 1854 = dogma • Patronal feast of the USA • February 2 = Feast of the Purification of Mary / Presentation of the Lord / Hypapante • 14 February = Jerusalem (4th C CE) • 2 February = Rome (Sergius 8th C CE): stational feast [Hadrian  Mary Major • Spread through West as penitential [cf. St. Blaise]

  7. Octave of Christmas • 26 December: Stephen, Protomartyr • 27 December: Holy Innocents • 28 December: John the Evangelist • 29 December: Brotherly love and light within us / Light enlightening the nations • 30 December: Doing God’s will / Witness of Anna • 31 December: Anointed in Christ with all knowledge / Word made flesh

  8. Advent in Roman Rite History • Roman Culture = Saturnalia • Ember Days (W, F, SAT) in December • W = Isaiah 2:1-5; 7:10-15 • TH = Isaiah 11:1-5 • SAT = Isaiah 19:20-22; 35:1-7; 40:9-11; 42:1-9; 45:1-8; 2 Thessalonians 2:1-8

  9. Würzburg Lectionary (c. 602 CE) • Epistles • First Sunday = Romans 13:11-14 • Second Sunday = Jeremiah 23:5-8 • Third Sunday = Romans 15:4-13 • Fourth Sunday = 1 Corinthians 4:1-5 • Fifth Sunday = Philippians 4:4-7 • Sixth Sunday = Vacat

  10. Würzburg Evangeliary • First Sunday = John 6:5-14 • Second Sunday = Matthew 21:1-9 • Third Sunday = Luke 21:25-33 • Fourth Sunday = Matthew 11:2-10 • Fifth Sunday = John 1:19-28

  11. Murbach Lectionary • Five Sundays of Advent w/ Wednesday and Friday weekday readings added in 1st – 3rd weeks, Ember days in 4th week

  12. Missale Romanum 1570 Lectionary • Four Sundays of Advent with Readings for Ember W, F, SAT in the third week

  13. Advent Post-Vatican II • Two Themes (N.B. Prefaces): • The Eschaton • The Birth of Christ • Sunday Readings (Years A, B, C) • First Sunday: Vigilant Waiting for the Parousia • Second Sunday: John the Baptizer: Prepare the Way of the Lord • Third Sunday: Transitional Sunday (Gaudete) • Fourth Sunday: Mary: Awaiting the Incarnation

  14. Weekday Readings • Pre-December 17: Proper Readings for each day / Shared Weekday formularies • Post-December 17 • Dec 17: O Wisdom • Dec 18: O sacred Lord of ancient Israel • Dec 19: O Flower of Jesse’s stem • Dec 20: O Key of David • Dec 21: O Radiant Dawn • Dec 22: O King of all nations • Dec 23: O Emmanuel

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