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Matter – Properties and Changes

Matter – Properties and Changes. Properties of Matter Changes of Matter Mixtures of Matter Elements and Compounds. PROPERTIES OF MATTER (3.1) A. Types of Properties. 1. Physical Properties - properties that can be observed and measured without changing the composition

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Matter – Properties and Changes

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  1. Matter – Properties and Changes Properties of Matter Changes of Matter Mixtures of Matter Elements and Compounds

  2. PROPERTIES OF MATTER (3.1)A. Types of Properties 1.Physical Properties - properties that can be observed and measured without changing the composition a. examples – color, texture, hardness b. types of physical properties 1)intensive- do not depend upon amount of the substance (density, mp, bp) 2) extensive- depend upon amount of the substance (mass, volume, length)

  3. I. PROPERTIES OF MATTER(3.1)A. Types of Properties 2. Chemical Properties - properties relating to the ability of substances to combine with or change into other substance (has a uniform and unchanging composition) a. examples 1) reaction with water 2) ability to combine with oxygen 3) reaction with acids

  4. I.PROPERTIES OF)B. States of Matter __________________________________________________________________________________ State Shape Volume Compressibility Diagram ___________________________________________________________________ solid ___________________________________________________________________ liquid __________________________________________________________________ gas ___________________________________________________________________ vapor – gaseous form of a solid or gas at room temp.

  5. CHANGES IN MATTER (3.2)A. Types of Changes 1. physical- changes in which a substance is altered without changing composition a. examples- phase changes, cut into pieces 2.chemical - changes in which one or more substances change into new substances with new properties a.reactants– substances that react b. products- substances that are produced

  6. CHANGES IN MATTER (3.2)A. Types of Changes a. Examples of phase changes 1) Solid  Liquid----------melting 2) Liquid  Gas-----------vaporization (evaporation or boiling) 3) Solid  gas-------------sublimation

  7. CHANGES IN MATTER (3.2)A. Types of Changes (Physical) a. Examples of phase changes 4)Gas  Liquid ---------- Condensation 5)Liquid  Solid ---------- Solidification (freezing) 6)Gas  Solid ------------- Deposition

  8. 2. Chemical changes c. Examples of chemical changes 1) digestion of food 2) burning (combustion) 3) fermentation 4) rusting 5) tarnishing of silver

  9. CHANGES IN MATTER (3.2)B. Evidence of Chemical Changes 1. change in color and/or appearance 2. change in energy 3. change in odor 4. formation of a precipitate or a gas

  10. III. MIXTURES (3.3) A. Definitionof Mixture - combination of pure substances that retain their properties B. Types of Mixtures 1.heterogeneous- individual substances are distinct (composition is not uniform throughout) a. examples – sand, vegetable soup 2. homogeneous- individual substances are not distinct (uniform composition throughout) a. examples - solutions

  11. III. MIXTURES (3.3)B. Types – 2. homogeneous __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ type of solution examples __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ solid – liquid sugar water, salt water ___________________________________________ gas – liquid carbonated beverages ________________________________________________________ liquid – liquid alcohol, vinegar ________________________________________________________ gas – gas air _______________________________________________________ solid - solid alloys (metal + metal) ________________________________________________________

  12. III. MIXTURES (3.3)C. Separating Mixtures 1. Filtration – separate solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture 2. Distillation – separate homogeneous mixtures – based on differences in boiling points 3. Crystallization – separates a homogeneous mixture by causing crystals to form 4. Chromatography– separation of components of a solution (mobile phase) based on tendency to move on the stationary phase

  13. Decantation

  14. Separation by Filtration

  15. Separation by Distillation

  16. Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil

  17. Distillation of Oil

  18. Separation of Untreated WaterUsing Filtration

  19. Separation of Black Ink Using Paper Chromatography

  20. Separation of Pigments in Chlorophyll Using Paper Chromotography

  21. Separation by Crystallization

  22. IV. ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS(3.4)A. Elements 1. definition - elements are pure substances that can not be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means 2. examples and their symbols (C, N, Na, Co) 3. periodic table of elements a. periods – horizontal rows b. groups (families) – vertical columns 1) similar structure and properties

  23. ELEMENTS ANDCOMPOUNDS (3.4) 1. definition - a compound is a puresubstance that is the combination of two or more different elements 2. examples of compounds a. sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 b. hydrochloric acid HCl c. sulfur dioxide SO2

  24. The organization of Matter

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