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Solutions

Solutions. 100 Definitions A homogeneous mixture of substances in a single phase Answer. Definitions 100. Answer = solution. 200 Definitions A solution in which the amount of solute present is less than the maximum possible at that temperature Answer. Definitions 200.

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions

  2. 100 DefinitionsA homogeneous mixture of substances in a single phaseAnswer

  3. Definitions 100 Answer = solution

  4. 200 DefinitionsA solution in which the amount of solute present is less than the maximum possible at that temperatureAnswer

  5. Definitions 200 Answer = unsaturated solution

  6. 300 DefinitionsmolarityAnswer

  7. Definitions 300 Moles of solute per liter of solution

  8. 400 DefinitionsThe word “dissolution” meansAnswer

  9. Definitions 400 dissolving

  10. 500 Definitions Describe the structure of a surfactant and how it works. Give an example of a surfactant. Answer

  11. Definitions 500 Answer • A surfactant is a large molecule with one polar end and one nonpolar end. • It enables mixing of immiscible substances. • Shampoo is a surfactant.

  12. 100 SolubilityWhat is meant by the phrase “like dissolves like”?Answer

  13. Solubility 100 Answer • Substances of similar polarity are miscible. • Polar dissolves polar. • Nonpolar dissolves nonpolar.

  14. 200 SolubilityExplain the equilibrium that exists in a saturated solutionAnswer

  15. Solubility 200 Answer: solute particles are dissolving and recrystallizing at equal rates

  16. 300 SolubilityExplain how you would use a crystal of solute to determine whether the solution of that solute is saturated, supersaturated or unsaturated.Answer

  17. Solubility 300 Answer: A crystal added to the solution will: • dissolve in an unsaturated solution • sink to the bottom in a saturated solution • cause recrystallization to occur in a supersaturated solution

  18. 400 Solubility What units are generally used to indicate solubility of a substance in water?Answer

  19. Solubility 400 Answer: g of solute/100 g water

  20. 500 SolubilityDescribe the trends in gas solubility as:a). Pressure increasesb). Temperature increasesAnswer

  21. Solubility 500 Answer: As pressure of the gas above the liquid increases, solubility of the gas in the liquid increases. As temperature of the liquid increases, solubility of the gas in the liquid decreases.

  22. 100 LabWhat solvent will dissolve both polar and nonpolar substances?Answer

  23. Answer 100 Lab • Ethanol, because it has a polar OH end and a nonpolar hydrocarbon end.

  24. 200 LabWhat is the rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it was dissolved? Answer

  25. 200 Lab Answer • Effervescence

  26. 300 LabAn aqueous sample of Fe2+ would show what series of colors when mixed with reagentsK3FeCN6 K4FeCN6 KSCN Answer

  27. Answer 300 Lab Fe2+ (aq) plusK3FeCN6 K4FeCN6 KSCN Deep blue light blue peach

  28. 400 LabWhat mass of NaCl (MM = 58.44 g/mol) is needed to make 75.0 mL of 2.00M solution?Answer

  29. Lab 400 Mole= M x L = 2.00 M x 0.0750 L = 0.15000 mol g = 0.1500 mol x 58.44 g = 8.77g NaCl mol

  30. 500 Lab Describe at least 3 safety precautions to follow when diluting a strong acid. Answer

  31. Lab 500 Answer: Wear gloves, goggles, apron or lab coat. Do it under the fume hood, fan on. Always add acid to water.

  32. 100 Potpourri Designate each of the following as an acid or a base:H3PO4 NH3 LiOH HBr Answer

  33. 100 Potpourri • Answer: H3PO4 NH3 LiOH HBr Acid Base Base Acid

  34. 200 Potpourri What are the three types of solute particles?Answer

  35. 200 Potpourri • Atoms, ions, molecules

  36. 300 Potpourri Substance A dissolves in water.Substance B dissolves in oil. Substances A and B are immiscible.Make a generalization about the polarities of substance A and substance B.Explain! Answer

  37. 300 Potpourri • Since H2O is polar, substance A must be polar. • Since A and B are immiscible, as are oil and water, B must be nonpolar.

  38. 400 Potpourri Name the most accurate pieces of glassware for:A. making a solution of a specific volumeB. measuring a small volume of solution which will be diluted.Answer

  39. 400 Potpourri Answer • A. Volumetric flask • B. Pipet

  40. The solubility of ammonia, NH3, is 90 g/100 g of water at 0oC. Draw the solubility curve for this substance. Answer

  41. Answer Potpourri 500

  42. 100 SolutionsGive an example of a solution in which the solvent is a solid.Answer

  43. Answer 100 Solutions • Alloys such as brass, bronze, sterling silver, white gold are all solid solutions.

  44. 200 SolutionsWhat volume of 2.00 M NaOH contains 10.0 g of solute? (MM of NaOH = 40.00 g/mol)Answer

  45. Answer for Solutions 200 Moles = 10.00 g X 1mole = 0.250mole 40.00 g L = moles = 0.250 mole = 0.125 L Molarity 2.00 M

  46. 300 SolutionsWhat volume of 6.0M HCl is needed to make 3.00 L of 0.500M HCl?Answer in mL.Answer

  47. Solutions 300 Answer: MCVC = MDVD 6.0 M x Vc = 0.500 M x 3.00 L Vc = 0.25 L = 250 mL of 6.0M HCl

  48. 400 SolutionsDescribe 3 ways of increasing the rate at which a substance dissolves.Answer

  49. 400 Solutions Answer • Increase surface area • Stirring/shaking • Temperature change (usually increase temp)

  50. Give the solubility of potassium nitrate at 500C. Estimate to the ones place. Solutions 500 • Answer

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